Muscles

epicranius location

forehead

epicranius bony attachment

cranial aponeurosis

epicranius soft tissue attachment

skin on forehead

epicranius function

wrinkles forehead and moves scalp, elevates eyebrows

orbicularis oculi location

around the eye

orbicularis oculi bony attachment

margin of the orbit of eye

orbicularis oculi function

closes eye

orbicularis oculi soft tissue attachment

skin around eyelids

.zygomaticus location

cheekbones to corners of mouth

zygomaticus bony attachment

zygomatic bone

zygomaticus soft tissue attachment

skin around mouth

zygomaticus function

elevates corners of mouth and lips (smile)

orbicularis oris location

surrounds mouth

orbicularis oris bony attachment

maxilla and mandible

orbicularis oris soft tissue attachment

skin around lips

orbicularis oris function

purses and protrudes lips (kissing, puckering)

platysma location

front of neck, cheek to under collarbones, superficial

platysma bony attachment

fascia of upper thorax and lower neck

platysma soft tissue attachment

skin of cheek and mandible

platysma function

depresses lower lip, tenses skin of neck

temporalis location

temporal bone

temporalis superior attachment

temporal bone

temporalis inferior attachment

coronoid process of mandible

temporalis function

elevates and retracts mandible

masseter location

covers lateral portion of jaw

masseter superior attachment

zygomatic arch

masseter inferior attachment

ramus of mandible

masseter function

elevates and protracts mandible

Sternocleidomastoid location

diagonally across neck from sternum to clavicle, deep to platysma

sternocleidomastoid superior attachment

mastoid process of temporal bone

sternocleidomastoid inferior attachment

sternum and clavicle

sternocleidomastoid function

alone: laterally rotates neck to opposite side

together: flexes neck

external intercostals location

between ribs; fibers run inferiorly and anteriorly

external intercostals superior attachment

ribs

external intercostals inferior attachment

ribs

external intercostals function

elevates ribs during inspiration

internal intercostals location

between ribs, deep to external intercostals, run in opposite direction

internal intercostals superior attachment

ribs

internal intercostals inferior attachment

ribs

internal intercostals function

depresses ribs during expiration

diaphragm location

large dome shaped muscle that divides the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

diaphragm superior attachment

central tendon

diaphragm inferior attachment

lumbar vertebrae, cartilage of ribs 7-12, xiphoid process

diaphragm function

primary driver of inspiration

rectus abdominus location

central on abdomen

rectus abdominus superior attachment

xiphoid process and 5th-7th costal cartilages

rectus abdominus inferior attachment

pubic symphysis and pubic crest

rectus abdominus function

compression of abdomen, flexion and rotation of trunk

external oblique location

superficial lateral muscle, fibers running medially on an angle

external oblique superior attachment

anterior surface of inferior 8 ribs

external oblique inferior attachment

linea alba and iliac crest

external oblique function

compression of abdomen

alone: rotation of trunk

together: flexion of trunk

internal oblique location

deep to external oblique; fibers run in opposite orientation

internal oblique superior attachment

iliac crest, inguinal ligament

internal oblique inferior attachment

iliac crest, linea alba, ribs

internal oblique function

compression of abdomen

alone: rotation of trunk

together: flexion of trunk

transversus abdominis location

deep to internal oblique, fibers run in a transverse plane

transversus abdominis superior attachment

iliac crest, inguinal ligament, cartilages of ribs

transversus abdominis inferior attachment

linea alba and pubic crest

transversus abdominis function

compresses abdomen

rectus sheath

CT sheath surrounding rectus abdominis, formed from aponeuroses of external and internal oblique and transverse abdominis muscles

linea alba

tendinous structures that serves as an insertion point for external and internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles

Serratus anterior location

lateral portion of thoracic wall

serratus anterior proximal attachment

ribs 1-8

serratus anterior distal attachment

medial border of scapula

serratus anterior function

protracts scapula, rotates scapula anteriorly, holds scapula against rib cage

pectoralis minor location

deep to pectoralis major

pectoralis minor proximal attachment

ribs 3-5

pectoralis minor distal attachment

coracoid process of scapula

pectoralis minor function

protracts and depresses scapula, elevates ribcage, flexed, adducts, medially rotates arm

trapezius location

diamond shaped muscle on superior portion of back (superficial)

Trapezius proximal attachment

occipital bone, spinous process of C7-T12

Trapezius Distal Attachment

clavicle; acromial process and spine of scapula

trapezius function

elevates and rotates, retracts and depresses scapula

rhomboids location

deep to trapezius

Rhomboids proximal attachment

spinous process of C7-T5

Rhomboids distal attachment

medial border of scapula

rhomboids function

retracts, elevates, adducts and stabilizes scapula

pectoralis major location

upper thorax

pectoralis major proximal attachment

sternum, medial clavicle, costal cartilage of ribs 2-6

pectoralis major distal attachment

intertubercular groove of humerus

pectoralis major function

flexes, adducts, medially rotates arm

deltoid location

superior muscle of shoulder

Deltoid proximal attachment

clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

Deltoid distal attachment

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

deltoid function

flexes, extends, adducts, abducts, medially, laterally rotates arm

biceps brachii location

superficial muscle on anterior arm

biceps brachii proximal attachment

coracoid process of scapula

biceps brachii distal attachment

radial tuberosity

biceps brachii function

weakly flexes arm, powerfully flexes forearm, supinates forearm

brachialis location

deep to biceps brachii

brachialis proximal attachment

humerus

brachialis distal attachment

coronoid process of ulna

brachialis function

flexes forearm

Brachioradialis proximal attachment

humerus

Brachioradialis location

lateral interior forearm (by thumb)

Brachioradialis distal attachment

styloid process of radius

Brachioradialis function

flexes forearm

pronator teres location

anterior elbow and proximal forearm (pinky side, wraps around)

pronator teres proximal attachment

humerus