Cell Theory, Cell Types, and Transport Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering historical cell theory contributors, basic cell types, plant vs. animal cell structures, and passive and active transport mechanisms.

Hooke

Scientist who thought cells existed only in plants and fungi, describing them as tiny boxes of honeycomb after looking at thin slices of cork.

Endosymbiosis

A theory that suggests that prokaryotes provide hosts with advantages

Centrioles

Helps organize cell division (animal cells)

Central vacuole

Serves as storage for water and other materials (plant cells)

Cell wall

A rigid framework that provides support and protection (plant cells)

Cell membrane

A framework that allows cells in and out, consists of two phospholipid layers called bilateral

Cytoskeleton

A structure that shapes and anchors organelles

Cytoplasm

A gel-like substance that gives structure and contains a high percentage of water

Nucleus

Directs activities, repository for genetic material

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Responsible for biochemical activities like production and storage

Fluid mosaic model

Controls movement of substances (semi-permeable)

Golgi Apparatus

Packages proteins and exports them using vesicles

Lysosome

Storage for digestive enzymes to breakdown particles and release energy

Mitochondria

The power house of the cell and have there own DNA

Chloroplasts

Contains chlorophyll so uses solar energy to convert to chemical energy Contains DNA (plant cells)

Nirchow

Scientist who stated that cells can only come from pre-existing cells.

Schwaan

Scientist who stated that all animal tissues are made of cells, and that cells are the basis of life.

Schleiden

Scientist who stated that all plant parts are made of cells.

Van Leeuwenhoek

Scientist who made known that cells are found in all living things and discovered single-celled organisms using a homemade microscope.

Cell Theory

Scientific framework stating: 1) all organisms are composed of one or more cells, 2) cells are the basic unit of life in all living things, 3) all cells come from pre-existing cells, and 4) cells ensure passing of specific characteristics from parent to daughter cells.

Prokaryotes

Cells that do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, and whose DNA is located in an area called the nucleoid.

Eukaryotes

Cells that have a nucleus, DNA organized into chromosomes inside the nucleus, and contain structures called organelles.

Plant cells

Cells that have a rigid outer cell wall and chloroplasts to make their own food.

Animal cells

Cells that have a flexible membrane and no chloroplasts.

Passive transport

Cellular movement requiring no energy, moving down a concentration gradient from an area of high to low concentration.

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration.

Osmosis

Movement of water through a selective permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

Facilitated Diffusion

Diffusion of solutes through transport proteins.

Hypertonic

A condition with high solute and low water concentration, causing water molecules to move out of the cell.

Hypotonic

A condition with low solute and high water concentration, causing water molecules to move into the cell.

ilsotonic

A condition of equal pressure where molecules move both in and out of the cell at about the same rate.

Active transport

Cellular transport requiring energy to move substances against the concentration gradient.

Endocytosis

The cellular process of molecules entering the cell.

Pinocytosis

A form of endocytosis involving the infolding of the membrane for material to get embedded and then pinched off.

Phagocytosis

A form of endocytosis where organisms or cells flow around particles and enclose them.

Exocytosis

The cellular process of molecules exiting the cell.