Electronic Business Entrance Exam Vocabulary Review

Vocabulary flashcards generated from FON Electronic Business entrance examinations covering key e-commerce, networking, software architecture, and cloud technology concepts.

Application Layer Mapping (TCP/IP to ISO/OSI)

The mapping where the TCP/IP Application layer corresponds directly to the Application, Presentation, and Session layers of the ISO/OSI reference model.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

A cloud computing model where users rent virtualized computing hardware (such as virtual servers on Amazon AWS) to install their own operating system, web server, and applications.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

A cloud service model in which software applications (such as Microsoft Word in Office365) are hosted remotely and accessed directly by users through a web browser.

Static Web Site

A website where the web server responds to an HTTP request by retrieving a pre-stored static file (such as index.html) directly from a directory and returning it unchanged to the browser.

C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer) E-Commerce

An e-business model where individual consumers interact, bid, buy, and sell goods or services directly with each other, often via online auction portals like Limundo.

IEEE 802.11

A set of standards defined by the IEEE that specifies protocols for implementing Wireless Local Area Network (Wi-Fi) communication.

IPv4 Address

A numerical network address used in IPv4 consisting of four decimal octets separated by periods (e.g., 200.200.200.200 or 192.60.1.1).

Phishing

A social engineering cyberattack where deceptive emails or messages direct victims to fraudulent websites designed to steal credentials and financial details.

Freemium Model

A pricing strategy where basic services or storage capacity (e.g., iCloud up to 5GB) are provided free of charge, but users must pay a subscription fee for additional features or higher capacity.

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

A front-end presentation layer technology used in web applications to design and format visual layouts.

G2G (Government-to-Government)

An e-government model involving electronic interactions and data transfers between distinct public sector organizations or government administrative bodies.

G2C (Government-to-Citizen)

An e-government model providing public services directly to individual citizens online, such as paying personal property taxes through an e-government portal.

G2B (Government-to-Business)

An e-government model facilitating online transactions and public administrative services between government agencies and commercial enterprises, such as corporate tax payments.

System Scalability

The operational property of a system or website allowing it to perform consistently and stably when experiencing significant traffic surges or transaction growth.

Crowdfunding

The process of raising monetary contributions from a large crowd of donors or investors, often via online platforms, to finance a project, innovation, or cause.

Authentication

The security procedure of verifying and validating the claimed identity of a user or system attempting to access a network service.

Authorization

The security check that determines and verifies whether an authenticated user possesses the rights and permissions to access a given system resource.

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

A network technology that creates a encrypted connection over a public network, allowing remote workers to securely connect to an internal corporate intranet.

Outsourcing

The practice of delegating specific business functions, operational tasks, or project components to an external, specialized service provider.

Hot Desk

An flexible office arrangement in which workstations are unassigned, allowing employees to claim available desks on a first-come, first-served basis upon arrival.

Augmented Reality (AR)

A visual technology that overlays digital objects and computer-generated graphics onto a view of the real physical world in real time.

Blue Ocean Strategy

A business growth strategy aimed at creating new demand in an uncontested market segment to generate innovative customer value without direct competition.

ETL Process

A foundational data warehousing process consisting of Extraction of data from source systems, Transformation into a standardized schema, and Loading into a central data warehouse.

Information Integrity

A core attribute of information security ensuring that data remains accurate, complete, and uncorrupted by unauthorized modification.

Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)

A low-power wireless network designed for short-range communication between personal devices over distances of less than $10\,m$.

Stakeholders

All individuals, groups, or organizations that have an interest in or are affected by the actions, policies, and operational performance of a business.

MoSCoW Method

A software requirement prioritization framework that categorizes system features into Must have, Should have, Could have, and Won't have.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

An application-layer protocol primarily utilized for sending and routing outgoing electronic mail messages across computer networks.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A lightweight, connectionless transport-layer protocol that prioritizes low-latency speed over data delivery verification, commonly used for streaming media.

Electronic Health Record (e-Karton)

A digital health record system containing demographic data, medical histories, and laboratory results, restricted to authorized healthcare personnel.

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

A strategic combination of practices, methodologies, and software solutions designed to manage client interactions, improve customer loyalty, and enhance profitability.

Single Sign-On (SSO)

An authentication mechanism allowing a user to access multiple independent software services using a single set of login credentials.

Domain Name System (DNS)

A distributed directory protocol that resolves human-readable domain names (such as google.com) into numerical IP addresses (such as 8.8.8.8).

SSL/TLS

Security protocols that operate between the transport and application layers to provide data encryption and secure communication channels over internet networks.

Model-View-Controller (MVC)

A software architectural pattern that segregates application development into three components: data representation (Model), user interface (View), and business processing logic (Controller).

Qualified Electronic Signature

An advanced digital signature created with a qualified signature-creation device and based on a qualified certificate, possessing full legal validity under applicable laws.

Resource Elasticity

A fundamental cloud computing capability that allows computing resources to be dynamically provisioned and scaled up or down according to demand.

Referral Marketing

A promotional tactic that incentivizes existing customers to share unique referral links with contacts to earn discounts or reward points when new users register or purchase.

Business Continuity Plan

An operational strategy that incorporates disaster recovery planning to ensure an organization can maintain critical operations during and after a severe incident.

Near Field Communication (NFC)

A short-range wireless communication standard suitable for contactless payments using smartwatches or mobile phones at point-of-sale terminals.

Virtualization

The logical division of physical computer hardware resources among multiple independent software environments or the aggregation of physical resources into a single logical entity.

Crowd Creation

A crowdsourcing method where members of an online community collaboratively author, construct, and refine content or products, as seen in Wikipedia.

Virtual Organization

A group of geographically separate business entities or individuals linked and coordinated primarily through electronic communication channels.

One-Way Virtual Currency

A type of virtual currency that can be bought with fiat currency to purchase digital goods within a virtual environment, but cannot be exchanged back for real-world currency.

Self-Monitoring

A health concept involving personal technologies, wearable devices, and apps used to record and track individual fitness metrics, health indicators, and physical activity.

SWIFT

The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication; a secure messaging system that enables financial institutions globally to send and receive financial transaction data.

Crawling

The automated procedure executed by search engine bots to discover, scan, and update web pages for inclusion in search engine indexes.

REST (Representational State Transfer)

An architectural style for designing web services based on a set of principles centered on manipulating resources identified by URIs.

Affiliate Marketing

A performance marketing model where businesses reward influencers or affiliates with commission fees for each sale driven through their shared tracking links.

Server Virtualization

A technology that abstracts physical server resources by using a hypervisor to split one physical server into multiple independent virtual servers.

Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)

An automatic identification method that utilizes radio waves to uniquely identify and track tags attached to objects, animals, or people.

Apache Hadoop

An open-source software framework used for distributed storage and processing of Big Data workloads across clusters of commodity hardware.

Mobile Office

An office model designed for employees who work away from a central office and utilize portable smart devices without requiring a permanent designated desk.