ARCH 241 Midterm, Fall 2025

Characteristics of Baroque Architecture

-Large Buildings, Quickly Built

-Emphasis on Exterior Cladding

-Plaster Molds for Interior and Exterior

-Incorporated Large Gardens

-Started mainly in Germany and Italy

Who were two of the key architects of Saxon Baroque Architecture?

-Matthias Daniel Pöppelmann

-Wolf Kaspar von Klengel

Famous Eastern Baroque Buildings (2)

-Berlin Palace

-The Winter Palace

Where did Baroque Architects meet?

Workshops

Which Element demonstrate that something is Neoclassical and not Baroque?

The Prevalence of a Pediment

Characteristics of Neoclassical Architecture

-Very versatile

-First 'industrialization' of architectural elements

-More sober than the Baroque

Who was the founder of modern archeology and art?

Johann Joachim Winckelmann

What are the three capital types used in both Classical and Neoclassical styles?

-Doric

-Ionic

-Corinthian

Which architectural element is used in the Neoclassical style to indicate what the building is for or dedicated to?

The Pediment

Which Architect is widely regarded as the preeminent Neoclassical designer of his day?

Karl Friedrich Schinkel

Which style was used for a large array of functions?

Baroque

T/F: The Napoleonic Wars were isolated to just Europe

False

Which building was the first to have a weight-sustaining cast iron construction?

The Sayner Hutte

T/F: The Crystal Palace featured a transept at its middle section?

True

T/F: The Beaux-Arts style is contained within the period of the Second Empire Style?

False

T/F: The architects of the nineteenth century were largely removed from the literary and artistic networks of the time?

False

T/F: The Second Empire Style was copied throughout Europe?

True

T/F: The Mietkasernen, or Rental Barracks, were meant for soldier's families?

False

The city of Vienna managed to gain a large ring of space in the interior city through which process?

Striking the City Walls

German architects in the second half of the 19th century were largely from which social group?

Artisans

T/F: The Grunderzeit occurred at the same time as the Beaux-Arts?

False

What is Crenelation?

Small extensions beyond the top of a wall to provide protection from assaults.

Which person from the 18th century was responsible for clearly outlining the differences between Greek and Roman Architecture?

Johann Joachim Winckelmann

What year ended the Napoleonic Wars?

1815

Hard and relatively brittle type of iron

Cast Iron

Crude, impure iron. Is the basic material for the manufacture of cast iron, wrought iron, and steel.

Pig Iron

Conducive to fracture, gives iron its distinctive physical properties.

Steel

Produced by repeatedly heating and working pig iron with tools, deforming it into the required shape.

Wrought Iron

A large column or pilar.

Piers

Lantern-like constructions in wood that were fitted on top of roof holes in large kitchens to allow ventilation while keeping out rain and snow

Louvers

T/F: The mad king Ludwig II of Bavaria built castle Vorderhohenschwangau?

False

Pena castle was built on top of what?

A Convent

What was Second Empire Architecture replaced with?

Beaux-Arts Style

Who was credited for the the first suspension bridge, broad-guage-railways, and the steamboat?

Isambard Kingdom Brunel

What architecture style replaced Gründerzeit?

Historicism

Which architect emphasized a return to the Gothic style and designed hundreds of churches throughout England?

Augustus Pugin

What was the year of Revolutions?

1848

Which year marked the beginning of Napoleon III's rule as Emperor and the opening of the Great Exhibition at The Crystal Palace in England?

1851

Has a long, barn-like sloping roof on one side with an entrance that is nearly hidden by growing on the walls.

The Orchards

Has many chimneys, looks like Shakespeare's house and has a little well with a tall, pointed roof on top.

The Red House

Built to look like a medieval hall, but with great glass windows and a library that encouraged communication over study.

The Glasgow School of Art

A stone ground floor with bricked upper floors, separated by a wooden structure typically found in timber-framed buildings.

The Watts Sherman House

Features a large vestibule with a ceiling made from glass and metal.

The Van Eetvelde House

A winding staircase with whiplash lines extending from the wrought iron banister into the mosaic floor and onto the wall.

The Tassel House

Designed to emulate a castle, but not built until the late 20th century, featuring a very utilitarian design

House of an Art Letter

Baroque Building with Wooden Core Columns

Palais im Grossen Garten

Western Baroque Palace that has Rococo elements

Queluz Palace

Best Example of English Baroque Architecture

St. Paul's Cathedral

Famous Gate in Germany that has Neoclassical Elements

The Brandenburg Gate

Where the Great Exposition of 1851 was held

The Crystal Palace

This Building in Vienna has Neo-Gothic Elements.

City Hall of Vienna

Colorful Portugese Castle that follows Historicism.

Pena Castle

Designed The Amber Room and other German Baroque Buildings

Andreas Schulter

What War cause Baroque Architecture to become more mainstream?

The Great Northern War

Scientist who build St. Paul's Cathedral

Sir Christopher Wren

3 Materials the crystal palace is made of

Cast Iron, Wrought Iron, glass

Who built the Turbine building

Jules Saulnier

Who spearheaded the reconstruction of Paris

Georges-Eugene Haussmann

Who designed Pena Castle

Wilhelm Ludwig Von Eschwege

Who designed Castle Hohenzollern?

Friedrich August Stuler