Unit 3 U.S. history

Latin for "before the civil war."

What does Antebellum mean?

Agriculture and plantation farming

What was the southern economy based on?

Making it much faster to separate cotton tigers from seeds.

How did the cotton gin revolutionize the industry?

King Cotton

The name given to cotton because it was such an important crop.

It increased the demand for enslaved labor.

What did this mean for slaves?

1. Cotton production increased.

2. Plantations expanded westward.

3. The demand for enslaved labor North Increased.

List 3 things that happened under the "plantation economy."

1. Tariffs

2. National Bank

3. Transportation

What were the 3 parts of Henry Clay's American System?

To strengthen the U.S. economy through tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements.

What was the purpose of the American system?

Samuel Slater bringing British textile technology to the U.S.

How did the textile industry start up in America?

Where workers lived in company-owned housing and shopped at company-owned stores.

What were "company towns"?

1. Cotton is cleaned and spun into thread.

2. Thread is woven into cloth.

3. Finished cloth is inspected and sold.

List the Factory System (Lowell MIlls) steps.

Mass production and improved transportation.

Explain how the market revolution allowed for prices to go down.

Overcrowding and Poor living conditions.

Describe the negative effects of growing Northern cities.

More Jobs and economic opportunities.

Describe the positive effects of growing Northern cities.

American System

The use of machines to manufacture interchangeable parts.

Urbanization

The growth of cities and towns.

Market Revolution

The rapid growth of affordable goods and services for sale in the early 1800s.

Immigration

The movement of people from one country or region to another to live there.

Suffrage

The right to vote in elections.

Nativism

fear of and opposition to immigrants.

Abolitionist Movement

The movement to end slavery.

Manifest Destiny

the belief it was God's will that settlers were destined to settle and civilize the west.

Nullification

the right to nullify federation laws.

Antebellum

The period before the civil war.

Nationalism

strong pride and loyalty to one's country.

Sectionalism

Loyalty to the interests of your region over the whole country.

Innovation

A new idea, method, invention that improves something.

Secession

The act of leaving or withdrawing from a country or organization.

Assimilation

The process of adopting another group's culture and way of life.

It developed in the North to oppose the democrats and split on tariffs.

Describe the formation of the Democrat and Whig pirates.

coming from a poor frontier family and had little education.

How was Andrew Jackson different?

Giving all white men the right to vote whether they owned property or not, and expanding voting rights to more white men.

Explain the components of Jacksonian Democracy and how voting changed during this period.

Bank War

Jackson hated the National Bank and destroyed it by taking out all of the money and putting into state pet banks.

Spoils System

Jackson say he will use the veto over any president. He's gotta get government jobs to friends or anybody loyal to him.

making imports cost more and South Carolina's action.

Explain how the Tariff of Abominations led to the Nullification Crisis.

Old Immigrants

The first immigrants from Britain, Ireland, Germany, and other western European countries to the new United States.

A proud american civilzation.

What was Jackson trying to get across to the Southern states?

Congress passes a compromise tariff and force act.

What was the result of the nullification crisis?

More than a million Irish starved to death or died of famine-related disease.

What happened in Ireland in 1845?

Social reform movements

improve the lives of individuals or groups by changing how they are seen and treated by the larger society.

some wanted emancipation through laws that freed the children of slaves, and return slaves to Africa.

Explain the argument Abolitionists used to end slavery.

Secret routes to freedom

Where would escaped slaves go?

slaves could not take care of themselves and thus were happy and better off enslaved based on racism and paternalism.

Explain the southern argument for slavery as a positive good.

rights were limited, few colleges admitted, could not vote, serve on juries, or hold political office

Describe life for women in the early 1800s.

free public education, better treatment for prisoners, the mentally ill temperance, the abolition of slavery, and women's rights.

What type of social problems did reformers push to fix?

questions against those enslaving their children, and is slavery no wrong to those imposed it.

What was Sarah Grimke's point in the listed quote?

Seneca Falls Convention

held in 1848, the first women's rights convention.

Rights trying to gain

Access to education, rights to own property and divorce.

Declaration of Sentiments

the statement issued by the Seneca falls convention that called for rights for women, including suffrage.

Temperance

Moderate in action, self-control.

roads, canals, and railroads.

What type of infrastructure resulted from the American system?

steamboats and trains.

What was powered by the steam engine?

by the invention of the telegraph.

Explain how communication improved during this period.

1. Steam engine

2. Steamboat

3. Locomotive

4. Telegraph

List some of the new inventions shown.

grow crops and produce goods for trade.

What were farmers able to do more of?

Eric Canal

A waterway connecting to the great lakes to the Atlantic Ocean that made trade and transportation faster and cheaper.

It powered machines and transportation making travel and production faster.

What was so useful about steam energy?

being denied freedom, education, the right to vote, and control over their own lives.

What were some of the limitations slaves had during this time period?

It led to stricter laws restricting enslaved people's rights and increased tensions over slavery.

Why was Nat Turner's Rebellion so significant?

wealthy plantations owners at the top, followed by small farmers, poor whites, and enslaved African Americans at the bottom.

Explain the social hierarchy of the South.

By restricting their movement, education, rights, and ability to gather or learn to read.

How did the slave codes takes further freedom from slaves?

West of the Mississippi River

Where did President Jackson send the Native Americans?

It rule Georgia's laws taking land from the Cherokee.

Explain the Supreme court case: Worcester v. Georgia

losing their ancestral lands and being forced to move west.

What tribes were affected by these decisions?

2,000 miles long.

How long was the Oregon Trail?

the ability to buy farm land, and religious freedom.

What were the reasons people settled the west?

Mexico

Who did Texas become independent from?

Disagreements over slavery.

Why was there such a delay in admitting it to the US as a state?

1. Mexico remained angry.

2. Mexico claimed more territory roughly along the Nueces river.

List some of the causes of the Mexican-American War.

Indian Removal Act 1830

The law giving presidents the authority to negotiate treaties with Native American tribes to get them to move west of the Mississippi River.

He refused to carry out the ruling to protect the Cherokee.

What did President Jackson do?

Manifest Destiny

The idea that it was God's will for Americans to conquer the west.

Oregon Territory

the states of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and some of Montana and Wyoming.

The U.S. gained a large amount of land from mexico.

What was the result of the Mexican-American War?

Slavery would be allowed.

What would become a major argument over the newly acquired land?

Increased conflict and forced removal from their lands.

Describe the change relations with American Indians.

The discovery of gold in 1848 that attracted thousands of settlers, and California becoming a state is it grew quickly and became a free state in 1850.

Describe the California Gold Rush and its impact on California becoming a state.

Free state.

Free/Slave State?

The Rio Grande River, while Mexico believed it was the Nueces River.

Where did the US believe the border between the US and Mexico?

The Forty-Niners

Nickname?