Biology Ht1 retrieval Digestion, Enzymes & Food Tests

Vocabulary flashcards covering digestion, digestive enzymes, organ functions, food tests, and enzyme kinetics.

Benedict's reagent

Chemical used to test for sugar (glucose).

Iodine

Chemical used to test for starch.

Biuret reagent

Chemical used to test for protein.

Ethanol and water

Chemicals used in the test for lipids (fats).

Digestive enzymes

Enzymes that break down large insoluble food molecules to small soluble molecules.

Protease enzymes

Enzymes that digest proteins into amino acids.

Amylase

An enzyme that digests carbohydrates into sugars e.g. glucose.

Lipase

An enzyme that digests lipids (fats) into fatty acids and glycerol.

Digestive tract

The system of organs made up of the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.

Enzyme-producing digestive organs

The pancreas, small intestine, salivary glands, and stomach, which help in digestion by producing enzymes.

Bile

A substance that emulsifies fat by breaking down larger fat globules in food into small droplets of fat.

Adaptations of villi

Features of the small intestine adapted for digestion by increasing surface area and providing a good blood supply.

Large intestine

Organ that aids digestion by absorbing excess water back into the blood.

Pancreas

An organ that helps digestion by producing all three types of digestive enzymes.

Metabolism

The sum of all the reactions happening in a cell or organism.

Biological catalysts

A term describing enzymes because they speed up the rate of the reaction in organisms.

Enzyme-substrate complex

The structure made when an enzyme joins to a specific substrate.

Lock and key model

The model that explains the specific shape of the enzyme active site and the formation of an enzyme-substrate complex.

Factors affecting enzyme reaction rate

pH, temperature, and substrate concentration.

Denatured

The state an enzyme active site enters if the temperature becomes too high or the pH becomes too high or too low.