Tumors

TNM staging system

• T - Tumors size and invasion

• N - Number of lymph nodes involved

• M - Presence of metastasis

TX

Primary tumor cannot be measured

T0

Primary tumor cannot be found

NX

Cancer in nearby lymph nodes cannot be measured

N0

There is no cancer in nearby lymph nodes

M0

Cancer has not spread to other tissues or organs

M1

Cancer has spread to other tissues or organs

G X

Grade cannot be determined

G I

Cells are well differentiated

G II

Cells are moderately differentiated

G III

Cells are poorly differentiated

G IV

Cells are undifferentiated

Anaplasia

Presence of cells that have lost their structural differentiation

Carcinogen

Substance that produces or increases risk of developing cancer

Carcinoma in situ (CIS)

Tumor that has not extended beyond original site

Dysplasia

Presence of abnormally developed cells within organ

Encapsulated

Growth enclosed in a sheath of tissue that prevents spreading

Hyperlasia

Excessive development of normal cells

Invasive disease

Spread of a malignant tumor into surrounding tissue

metastasis (mets)

Spread of cancer cells form original location to new locations

morbidity

Number of sick persons in a population

Mortality

Number of deaths in a population

Neoplasm

New and abnormal growth or tumor

Oncogenic

Cancer causing

Primary tumor

Site at which the cancerous tumor first appeared

Relapse

Return of disease symptoms after period of improvement

Remission

Time during which symptoms of disease leave; may be only temporary