Foundation of Nursing Leadership and Management Essentials

Three-Fold Concepts of Management

• As Economic Source

• System of Authority

• Class and Status System

Economic Source

• Concept of management that is a firm significantly determines its productivity and profitability

System of Authority

• Management develops as top-down hierarchy where individuals at the top determine the course of action for the rank and file

Class and Status System

• Managers are often viewed as an elite group characterized by specialized education and mental capacity

Fredrick Taylor

• Known as the proponent of Scientific Management

  • He Believed productivity increases if workers are taught the one best way to accomplish a task

Frank Lilian Gilbreth

• Focused on job simplification and the establishment of work standards to increase efficiency

Henry Gantt

• Introduced the Gantt Chart

Gantt Chart

• a visual tool showing the relationship between work planned/completed on one axis and the time used/needed on the other

Henri Fayol

• Father of the management process school

• division of labor, scalar chain of authority, and esprit de corps and stability of tenure

Lyndall Urwick

• expanded Fayol’s principles by emphasizing the span of control and unity of command

Luther Gullick

• PODSCORB (planning organizing staffing directing coordinating reporting budgeting)

  • He also advocated for management to be taught formally in schools

Max Weber

• advocated for the bureaucracy as the ideal organizational form

  • a well defined hierarchy, division of work based on specialization, and highly specified rules.

Traditional

• authority based on custom

Charisma

• authority based on individual personallity

Rational and Legal

• authority based on competence (KSA)

Planning

-Defining the vision, mission, philosophy, goals, objectives, policies, and rules

Organizing

• Establishing the organizational structure and patient care delivery models

Staffing

• Recruiting, interviewing, hiring, and orienting personnels

Directing

• Motivating staff, managing conflict, delegating, communicating, and facilitating collaboration

Controlling

• Performace appraisals, fiscal accountability, quality control, and legal/ethical oversight

Mary Parker Follett

• suggested that managers should have ‘authority with, rather than over” employees

Elton Mayo

• Hawthorne Plant Study

  • Discovered that when management pays attention to workers, productivity increases regardless of physical working conditions

Jacob Moreno

• Developed Sociometry

  • system of pairing based on how people are attracted to, repulsed by, or indifferent toward one another

Abraham Maslow

• defined human as wanting organisms with hierarchy of needs

  • higher level needs only motivate once lower levels are satisfied

Douglas McGregor

• Linked to managerial attitudes to employee satisfaction

• theory of x and y

Frederick Herzberg

• Two-Factor Theory

  • Hygiene factors and motivating factors

Hygiene Factors

• called Dissatisfiers

  • which do not motivate but cause dissatisfaction if missing

Motivating Factors

• called Satisfiers

  • that truly encourage performanceq

William G. Ouchi

• Theory Z

  • A japanese mode emphasizing consensus decision-making, hob security, holistic concern for workers, and lifetime employment

Blake and Mouton`

• Managerial grid

  • Measures a leaders concer for people vs production on a scale of 1-9

Hersey and Blanchards

• Situational Leadership Model

• predicts the best leadership style based on the maturity of followers