The Skeletal System: Axial Skeleton

These flashcards cover key concepts about the axial skeleton, its structure and function, types of bones, and their characteristics.

What are the two major divisions of the human skeleton?

The axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.

How many bones does the adult human skeleton consist of?

206 bones.

What is the main function of the axial skeleton?

To protect the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs.

What type of bone is the hyoid bone?

U-shaped bone that does not articulate directly with other bones.

What are the four groups of bone shapes?

Flat, long, short, sesamoid, and irregular.

What is the primary cell type responsible for bone formation?

Osteoblasts.

What is the name of the central canal in compact bone?

Haversian or osteonic canal.

What is the term for the mature bone cell that maintains the bone matrix?

Osteocyte.

How many cervical vertebrae are there in the vertebral column?

Seven cervical vertebrae.

What do true ribs connect to?

They connect directly to the sternum via costal cartilage.

What is the total number of vertebrae in the adult vertebral column?

26 vertebrae.

What are osteoclasts responsible for?

Bone resorption or breakdown.

What connects the ribs to the sternum?

Costal cartilage.

What is the function of cartilage in the skeletal system?

Provides flexibility and smooth surfaces for movement.

What bone classification does the vertebrae belong to?

Irregular bones.

What is the primary purpose of spongy bone?

To reduce the weight of the skeleton while providing strength.

Define compact bone.

The denser, stronger type of bone tissue that provides support and protection.

What is the anatomical term for the tubular shaft of a long bone?

Diaphysis.

What distinctive feature is found in cervical vertebrae that is not found in other types of vertebrae?

Transverse foramen.

What is the xiphoid process?

The inferior part of the sternum that starts as cartilage and ossifies around age 40.

What type of bone shape do metacarpals and phalanges belong to?

Long bones.