Plan 1010 Midterm

Red terms only

Permeability of streets and landscape

the ability to navigate a landscape easily and how it influences walkability

legibility of an urban landscape

the ability to make mental maps

third spaces

places that aren’t home or work, a place where community is fostered

mixed use development

the combination of commercial and residential in the same neighborhood or building

adaptive reuse

reusing an existing building for a new purpose

urban sprawl

expansion of the low density development causing car dependence and extensive land consumption

folded map project

project that shows differences in racial and economic conditions for map twins — people with same addresses on the North and South sides of Chicago

Shrinking Cities

cities experiencing a loss of people, declining economic activity, and vacant properties

home GR/OWN

a Milwaukee city initiative that renovates and sells foreclosed houses to expand ownership and stabilize neighborhoods

walking school bus or bike bus

group of children with an adult moving or biking together to get from home to school and vise versa— less car traffic

housing wage (out of reach study)

the hourly wage needed to make in order to afford a modest rental home without spending more than 30% of their income

Farm Zero

Chicago— first of its kind modular, soilless, vertical hydroponic farm growing produce year round

Kampung Admiralty

Singapore— mixed use development for older adults, 15 minute city model

Spanish laws of the indies

earliest urban planning system for founding towns in the Americas

1899 building height act

Washington, DC—- help preserves the cities relatively low skyline

Cairo Building

Washington DC— too tall apartment building

Dumbbell tenements

NYC living spaces, very narrow, poor living quality, small air shafts gave access to air and light

Hull House and Jane Adams

Chicago— settlement for immigrants and working-class residents providing education

City Beautiful movement

improving cities through grand boulevards, monumental buildings, parks and civic spaces

Garden Cities, Ebenezer Howard

communities contained with a perminant agricultural belt, combining urban jobs and services with green space, aiming to reduce overcrowding and growth

Equitable building

NYC— big building casting a shadow, supports zoning regulations

1916 Zoning Resolution

NYC— regulated building height and bulk, sunlight and air can reach streets

greenbelt maryland

planned community combining housing, green space, and community facilites

Levittown

mass produced suburban housing promoting car reliance, excluding black families, suburban growth reinforced racial inequity

restrictive covenants

legal agreements prohibiting the properties from being sold to specific racial or ethnic groups

redlining and HOLC

marked neighborhoods as risky for mortgage lending based on race, HOLC documented this

Willis Carrier

developed modern air conditioning

interstate highway act of 1956

nationwide interstate highway system— improving regional transport, displaced communities, divided neighborhoods, encouraged suburban sprawl

urban renewal

gov led redevelopment that clears or rebuilds area considered deteriorated, displacing low income and minority communities

Vinegar hill

Charlottesville— historically black neighborhood demolished during urban renewal

Jane Jacobs

advocate for mixed use, short blocks, dense neighborhoods, sidewalks, lively street life, opposing top down urban renewal

border vacuum

areas net to major barriers (highway, bridges, complexes) that discourage movement— Jane Jacobs argue that these edges can interrupt neighborhood life

Robert Moses

planner built highways, bridges, and large public works, represents top down, car oriented planning, criticized for displacing communities

density

number of people or buildings in a given area

overcrowding

too many people of buildings in inadequate space

Barcelona’s superblocks

group of city blocks where cars are blocked off— promoting walkability

walk score

rating of how easily people can reach everyday destinations on foot

the high line

NYC—- elevated railway converted to a linear public park, ex of adaptive reuse

Salesforce park

San Franisco— rooftop park above a transit center, exclusive

11th Street Bridge Park

Washington, DC— planned park and public space on an old bridge over the Anacostia River, connects neighborhoods

TDR

to increase the development of a building the owner can protect land in exchange

portland, oregon

known for urban growth boundary, compact development goals, public transit, policies supporting walkable neighborhoods

Urban growth boundaries

lines around urban areas that limit outward development, encourage growth within existing urbanized areas

upzoning

changing zoning rules to allow more housing, greater density, taller buildings, or additional uses on a property

infill development

building on vacant or underused land within an already developed area

brownfields

previously used or developed sites that are harder

Greyfield

underused developed properties that are less contaminated

greenfields

undeveloped land

gentle density

adding modest amount of housing to existing neighborhoods

Toronto

housing affordability, transit-oriented development, integration of growth

ADUs

smaller independent homes on the same lot as a primary home

Charlottesville’s FLUM

Future Land Use Map— planning map

Role of weak and small ties

strong- close relationships, weak- looser connections, weak ties can help access new opportunities beyond their immediate circle

Boulder, Colorado

open space preservation, growth management, policies intended to limit sprawl

Vancouver, British Columbia

dense, mixed use neighborhoods, transit oriented development, facing housing affordability problems

Eco density

Vancouver— planning initiative promoting increased urban density, environmental sustainability, walkability, reduced car dependence

Copenhagen, Denmark

bicycle friendly planning, public space investment, transit oriented urban development

The 100 year life

people are going to start living to 100 so cities and housing must support multiple life stages

15 Minute Cities

a person can reach all daily needs within a 15 minute walk/ cycling

The not so big house

Sarah Susanka— design philosophy emphasizing better designed more functional spaces rather than simply building larger houses

Quinta Monroy

Alejandro Aravena— Chile housing project that provided residents with the essential structure of a house that they could shape over time

Ageing in place

enabling older adults to remain in their homes as they age

Granny pods

small living units placed near a family member’s home to provide independent housing and easy caregiving

Naturally occurring retirement communities (NORC)

neighborhoods not originally designed for older adults but have developed a large portion of aging adults

beacon hill village

Boston— membership based community helping older adults remain in their homes by connecting them with services, activities, support

Form based codes

zoning regulations that focus on the physical form of buildings and streets rather than separating land uses

visual preference surveys (VPS)

people evaluate pictures to share community design preferences

inclusionary housing requirements

encourages developers to provide a certain amount of affordable housing in new developments

missing middle housing

smaller multiunit housing types between detached houses— duplexes, fourplexes, townhouses, courtyard apartments

Local Law 18

NYC— requires all short term rental hosts to register with the Mayors office

city of yes

NYC— zoning reforms intended to modernize city rules and enable more housing, buisness, and climate friendly development

community land trust

non profit that owns land for community benefit, separate land ownership from homeownership to preserve long term affordability

manufactured housing

homes built in factories and transported to their sites—- lower cost housing, ex. Boxabl

mass timber

reduces reliance on concrete and may lower embodied carbon

pocket neighborhoods, cottage housing

small clusters of homes arranged around shared gardens, courtyards, or ped spaces, encourage social interaction

cohousing

housing communities with private homes and shared facilities

village homes

Davis, California— environmentally oriented neighborhood designed with ped paths, shared open spaces, solar conscious design, stormwater management

new urbanism

planning and design movement promoting walkable neighborhoods, mixed uses, connected streets, traditional public spaces, range of housing types

highway caps

structures built over highways to create us

freeway park

Seattle— a park built over interstate 5

Cheonggyechan River, Seoul

urban stream and public space replacing a highway

high cost of free parking

encourages car use, consumes valuable urban land

ultra small vehicles

compact vehicles taking up less space, less energy

bus rapid transit

operate like rail transit

trackless trams

operate on streets, no rails

tap and pay systems

contactless payment systems

free buses

charge passengers no fare, improving access, reduce barriers to transit use

complete streets

streets designed to accommodate cars, walkers, bikers

road diet

reducing car lanes to make room for walking and biking

school streets

restrict motor vehicle access during school arrival and dismissal

congestion pricing

charging vehicles to enter busy areas to reduce traffic

roundabouts

circular intersections where vehicles travel around a central island, lowers speed

tactical urbanism

small, temporary changes to public spaces to test ideas before implementation

naked streets and intersections

street without signs, road markings or traffic lights aimed to have people navigate the space through observation and interaction to slow down movement

intersection repair

community led transformation of an intersection with paint, plants, seating or art

build a better block

community driven initiative temporarily demonstrating how a street could work with more shops, seating, greenery, and ped friendly design

guerrilla wayfinding

informal, low cost signs helping people navigate a place

mental speedbumps

design features encouraging drivers to slow down by making a street feel less like a high speed road— narrower lanes, visual changes, street trees

parklets

small public spaces by converting curbside parking spaces into public places

34th ave open street NYC

street transformation in queens that restricts through traffic