Muscular System Quiz

Which muscles are located in the trunk region of the body?

Internal and external abdominal oblique

Which of the following statements is accurate about muscle attachment?

The insertion is the attachment of muscle to bone or structure that moves when a muscle contracts

Flexion is described as _________

bending a part of the body anteriorly, such as bending the elbow and decreasing of the joint

The action created by standing on tiptoes with the heels off the floor is _________

plantar flexion

Which muscle rotates the head and assists in moving the head forward and down?

Sternocleidomastoid

Which of the following best describes what a fixator muscle does?

holds an origin stable for another muscle.

Rolling your ankle so the bottom of your foot faces medially is _________

Inversion

The movable end of a muscle is its _________

insertion

What is the axial skeleton?

Axial - bones of head, neck, trunk

What is the appendicular skeleton?

bones of arms, legs, pelvis, shoulder, girdle, (connection point makes appendicular)

Describe five types of bones classified by shape.

What are the accessory structures?

Ligaments and cartilage

What are the 6 functions of the skeletal system?

Support, protection, movement, electrolyte balance, acid balance, blood formation

What is the hemopesis?

Process of blood formation

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

In the red bone marrow (found in axial skeleton)

What are the five classifications of bones?

Long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid

What are the two parts of the skeleton?

Axial and Appendicular

Which vital organs do bones support and protect in the body?

Brain, heart, lungs, and spinal cord

What does the skeletal function; movement do?

Provide muscle attachments for skeletal msucles that pull bones

What does the function; balance do for the skeletal system?

maintain stability and posture

Why is calcium important for bones?

Essential for muscle contraction, blood clotting, and nerve impulse transmission

Why is phosphate important for acid balance?

require for ATP utilization and assists in regulation of acid balance

Classify long bones -

Longer than they are widerN (ex: arm, thigh, toes)

Classify short bones -

Not longer than they are wider (carpal bones)

Classify flat bones -

Named because of flat shape (ribs, shoulder blade)

classify irregular bones -

Have processes, spines, and ridges (facial bones. spinal vertebrae)

Classify sesamoid bones -

Looks like sesame seed; inside tendons, near joints in knee, and hands/feet

What two bones are the palatine bone made of?

Maxille and palantine

What do sinuses do?

Help warm and moisten inspired air

Give resonance to the voice

How many moveable vertebral discs are there?

24 (Sacrum & Coccyx)

how many thoracic vertebrae are there?

12

How many lumber vertebrae are there?

5

How many bones fused to make up the sacrum and coccyx?

sacrum - 5

coccyx - 4

how many pairs of ribs are there?

12 pairs (24 total)

What does cosal cartilage do?

Attach ribs to sternum anteriorly

What are foramina?

Holes in the skull that allow blood vessels and nerves to pass through

What type of fracture results in a break in the bone on an angle?

Oblique

In addition to 1 sacrum and 1 coccyx, the spinal column is composed of _________vertebrae

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar

Which of the following accurately describes an abnormal curvature of the spine?

Lordosis is also known as "swayback" and is an abnormal curvature of the lumbar vertebrae.

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the various types of joints?

An example of a gliding joint is found in the hand at the wrist.

A patient comes into the emergency department complaining of pain in their arm after a fall. The nurse finds a bone sticking through the skin surface and recognizes this as a(n) _________

open

Which of the following structures belong(s) to the appendicular skeleton?

Intervertebral disks, sutures, clavicle,

Which of the following statements is(are) true concerning joint classification?

Fibrous joints in the skull.
A cartilaginous joint in the pelvis.
Gomphoses in the appendicular skeleton.
Synchondroses decrease with age.

The ilium, the ischium, and the _________blank form the acetabulum.

pubis

The seven most superior vertebrae are classified as _________blank vertebrae.

cervical

Joints are classified by their anatomy or by the amount of _________blank they allow.

movement

Match the bone to its class as defined by shape.

Patella

sesamoid bone

Match the bone to its class as defined by shape.

vertebra

irregular bone

Match the bone to its class as defined by shape.

ulna

short bone

Match the bone to its class as defined by shape.

calcaneus

flat bone

Match the bone to its class as defined by shape.

long bone

rib

Match each of the following types of synovial joints with the correct example(s).

Hinge joint

elbow and knee

Match each of the following types of synovial joints with the correct example(s).

pivot joint

joint between atlas and axis

Match each of the following types of synovial joints with the correct example(s).

ball and socket joint

shoulder and hip

Match each of the following types of synovial joints with the correct example(s).

saddle joint

Joint between carpal and metacarpal of thumb

Match each of the following types of synovial joints with the correct example(s).

ellipsoid joint

joint between metacarpal and proximal phalanx

The rectus _________blank originates on the ilium, inserts on the tibial tuberosity, and functions to extend the knee and flex the hip.

femoris

What is origin and insertion:

Indicates where themuscle attaches to the skeleton

What is the intrinsic muscle?

Refers to a muscle having its origin and insertion located in the same body region

Define extrinsic muscle:

a muscle having its origin in different regions

Define fixator:

Muscle that holds an origin stable for another muscle

Define synergists:

Muscle that have the same action

Define prime mover:

Main muscle of the synergists that perfomrs the action

Define antagonist:

Muscle that has an opposing action

What are the 3 fused bones of the pelvis?

Illium - hip bones

ishium - sitting

pubis - pubic bones

What is the difference between male and female pelvis?

Females have wider and more shallow hips. Larger angle at the bottom for children

Which leg bone bears weight of the body?

Tibia

What is osteocytes?

Mature normal bone cells

What are the two different types of ostocytes?

Osteoblasts - build bone tissue

osteoclasts - cleaner; destroy bone tissue

What are the two types of bones in the body?

Compact and Cancellous

What are the three types of cartilage?

Hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

What is the anatomy of the long bone?

Epiphysis: clubby

Diaphysis: shaft

Medullary cavity: decrease weight of bone

What is a joint?

two bones that come together

What are the 3 types of joints?

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

How many synovial joints are there?

6

What is osteoarthritis?

Wear and tear on a joint done by aging

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

Autoimmune disease

What is a joint capsule?

Surrounds and seals the joint space

What does the synovial joint do?

Lubricates joint; feeds and removes waster from articular cartilage

What is bursa?

Synovial membrane that may extend at the joint to form a pocket

What does bone remolding do?

Osteoclasts

What is osteosarcomes?

Malignant bone tumors that occur in immature bone

Action of a muscle =

Bringing insertion closer to origin

Define flexion:

action that bends a body part ANTERIORLY; makes angle smaller (ex: hip, head, trunk, elbow) exception is knee brings posterior

Define extension:

Action of the bending the body posterior (make angle larger) exception is head

What is ABduction

movement AWAY from the midlineW

what is ADDuction?

Movement of body TOWARD of the midline

What is protraction?

Movement that brings body part forward W

What is retraction?

Bring body part backward

What is lateral excersion?

Movement of jaw side to side (JAW ONLY)

What is medial excursion?

Movement of jaw back to midline (JAW ONLY)

What is porsilflextion?

position of standing on heels with toes pointing up and off the floor

What is inversion?

Soles of feet are facing each other

what is eversion?

soles of feet facing away from each other

What is rotation>

act of spinning on an axis

What are the two types of rotation?

medial - internal

lateral - external

what is circumduction?

making a circle with part of the body

What is opposition?

bringing thumb to the palm

what is reposition ?

taking thumb away from the palm

What is elevation>

act of closing the jaw or raising the shoulders