FUNC 3: Periodic table

Periodic table arrangement

Based on similarities between physical and chemical properties of elements in a group.

Periods

Horizontal rows where properties change progressively and elements share the same number of shells.

Groups

Vertical columns where elements share valence electrons and similar properties.

Metals

Excellent conductors of heat and electricity.

Metalloids

Semiconductors.

Non-metals

Poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Alkali metals

Highly reactive with water.

Alkaline earth metals

Highly reactive, though less than group 1

Transition metals

Excellent conductors with high melting points and vibrant, colourful compounds

Halogens

Extremely reactive non-metals.

Inert gases

Virtually unreactive.

Lanthanides

Silvery metals that easily tarnish and emit light when struck by electrons.

Actinides

Dense, highly radioactive metals

Effective nuclear charge

the nuclear charge felt by an electron when both the actual charge and the repulsive effects of shielding of the other electrons are taken into account

Atomic radius

Half the distance between the nuclei of two adjacent atoms.

Ionic radius

The radius of a cation or anion.

Ionization energy

Minimum energy needed to remove an electron from a gaseous atom in ground state.

Electron affinity

the negative of the energy change that occurs when an electron is accepted by an atom in the gaseous state to form an anion

Electronegativity

The ability of an atom to attract toward itself the electrons in a chemical bond.