TLE 7 – 2nd Quarter Animal Production Flashcards

Vocabulary review cards for TLE 7 Animal Production, covering terminology, animal breeds, tools and equipment, feed types, feeding schedules, OSH, and waste management.

breed

a group of animals with the same species having a distinctive appearance

carcass

the body of a meat animal prepared for market

domesticated

an animal that is kept as a pet or on a farm

droopy

hanging down

lard

fat that comes from the abdomen of a pig that is clarified for use in cooking

prolific

producing many offspring

ruminants

even-toed hoof mammals

slaughtered

killed for food

Poultry

domesticated birds raised by humans for animal products such as meat and eggs

poultry farming

raising poultry

Layers

older female chickens raised primarily for their eggs; they lay eggs more frequently than other breeds; their meat is tougher and has low nutritional value

Broilers

chickens raised primarily for meat; yellowish skin and white feathers; usually slaughtered at 5–6 weeks old

Quail

ground birds considered game or hunting birds; lay eggs and their meat can be eaten; quail eggs have less cholesterol than chicken eggs

Ducks

waterfowl raised for meat, eggs, and feathers; smaller than swans and geese with a short neck; duck eggs are larger than chicken eggs

Livestock

domesticated land animals raised for food products such as meat, milk, hides, and wool; can also be working animals

Swine

a pig or hog with short legs and thick bodies; products include pork, lard, leather, fertilizer, and medicines

Rabbit

small, hairy mammal with powerful hind legs, short fluffy tail, and long ears; meat is classified as exotic meat and is a good source of iron

Small ruminants

sheep and goats; less expensive and need less space and land than large ruminants; products include milk, cheese, meat, fiber, and skin

Large ruminants

cattle and buffalo; herbivores with a four-chambered stomach; products include milk, cheese, meat, fiber, and skin

Landrace

white swine with droopy ears; prolific, frequently giving birth to large litters

Yorkshire

white with erect ears; very muscular, high proportion of lean meat, low back fat; originated in Yorkshire, England

Hampshire

black swine with a white belt that wraps around the body and covers the front legs; white-bellied, erect ears, lean and muscular

Duroc

large-framed; reddish-brown color ranging from gold to rich brick-red

Poland China

distinguished by enormous size; usually black with occasional white patches; Big Bill was a Poland China and the largest swine ever measured

Berkshire

medium-sized, black body with white markings on the face, legs, and tail tips; upright ears angled slightly forward

Chester White

white body with medium-sized, droopy ears; common breed; females are loving and maternal

Spotted

drooping ears with black and white spots, usually 50% black and 50% white

boar

an uncastrated male swine

castration

the removal of testicles of male animals

gilt

a female pig that has not produced a litter of piglets

lactation

the process of making or secreting milk from mammary glands

SOW

a female pig who has at least one litter of piglets

thrive

to grow or develop well

Dropping board

where chicken manure drops; contains it for easy collection

Perches

horizontal poles where birds sit and rest, especially at night

Nest

where hens or layers lay their eggs; should be dark so the egg will not break or be eaten; sawdust is common bedding

Feeding troughs

keep hens from scratching and wasting feeds

Drinking troughs

supply birds’ water needs for the whole day; important for health and egg production

Feed bins

containers that store feeds and protect them from moisture, pests, and spoilage

Incubator

maintains eggs for hatching; regulates temperature, humidity, and sometimes ventilation

Brooder

container used to confine chicks until they are two weeks old

Breeding crate

confines a gilt or sow in heat before allowing the boar to enter for mating

Farrowing crate or stall

houses a sow and her piglets from giving birth through lactation and ensures their safety

Heat lamps and brooders

provide warmth to young animals in their early stages of life

Water system

pressurized system that supplies continuous, reliable water to different areas of the piggery

Shipping crate

specialized container for safely transporting livestock; enough space to stand, lie down, and turn around

Castration rack

restrains the animal securely in a fixed position during castration

Feed cart

mobile cart or wagon used to transport and distribute feed throughout the housing

Self-feeders

let livestock eat multiple small meals through the day without manual distribution by farmers

Waterers

allow pigs to access fresh, clean water to stay hydrated

Livestock trailer

transports animals safely and comfortably to their destination

Pick-up truck

vehicle designed and used for transporting pigs or swine

Hoof trimmers

trim the hooves of cattle, sheep, and goats to prevent overgrowth and maintain hoof health

Syringes and needles

administer vaccines, medications, and treatments to livestock

Ear tag applicator

applies identification tags or ear tags for tracking and management

Dehorner

removes or reduces the horns of cattle to prevent injury to other animals and handlers

Shears or clippers

shear the hair or wool from sheep, or trim the coat of animals and goats

Calf puller

provides leverage to help pull the calf safely in difficult calving

Pitchfork

handles and moves hay, straw, or other bedding materials

Wire cutters

cut and manipulate fencing materials such as wire or mesh

Grooming brushes and combs

groom animals and maintain the health and appearance of their coats

Shovel or spade

cleans animal pens, handles manure, or digs

Rope or halter

leads and restrains livestock during handling or transportation

Milking equipment

milking machines, buckets, and other tools for dairy cattle or goats

Fencing tools

fencing pliers and strainers for building and repairing fences around pastures

Thermometer

monitors the temperature of animals

Scale

weighs animals to monitor growth and health, or to give medications

Starter feeds

birth to around 6–8 weeks; higher protein and essential nutrients for rapid growth and development

Grower feeds

6–8 weeks to 16–20 weeks; balanced nutrition for continued growth without excessive weight gain

Finisher feeds

final weeks before slaughter; for animals nearing market weight; promote efficient weight gain and desirable carcass composition

Cereal Grains

corn, wheat, barley, sorghum, oats, etc.; energy sources because they contain high carbohydrates

Protein Sources

soybean meal, canola meal, cottonseed meal, sunflower meal, fish meal, meat and bone meal, poultry by-product meal; provide amino acids needed for protein synthesis and growth

Forage and Roughage

alfalfa, clover, grass hay, silage, etc.; especially important for ruminants like cattle

Fats and Oils

vegetable oils and animal fats; concentrated sources of energy and may improve feed taste

Vitamins

vitamins A, D, E, K, and B-complex; important for metabolism, growth, and overall health

Minerals

calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chloride, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, iodine, etc.; important for bone development, enzymes, immunity, and body processes

Additives

antibiotics, probiotics, enzymes, antioxidants, etc.; help with disease prevention, digestion, nutrient absorption, and preservation

Binders and Fillers

molasses, wheat middling, rice bran, etc.; improve feed texture and may provide additional nutrients

By-products

distillers grains, beet pulp, citrus pulp, brewers' grains, etc.; economical sources of nutrients from food-processing industries

Feed formulation software

specialized programs that help nutritionists and producers formulate diets based on nutrient requirements and ingredient availability

Nutrient analysis labs

analyze feed ingredients for nutrient content, giving accurate data for formulation

Feed tables and guidelines

provide standard nutrient compositions for various feed ingredients; essential references for formulating diets

Layers — feeding frequency

2 to 3 times per day

Broilers — feeding frequency

ad libitum (free access) or multiple small, frequent meals to promote rapid growth

Turkeys and ducks — feeding frequency

multiple times per day, especially in the growing phase; less often as birds mature

Calves — feeding frequency

milk or milk replacer 2 to 4 times a day in early weeks; 2 to 3 times daily as they move to solid feed

Adult cattle — feeding frequency

once to twice daily, depending on management; may be given concentrate feeds

Sheep and goats — feeding frequency

1 to 2 times per day if not on pasture; grazing is their main source of feed

Piglets — feeding frequency

multiple times per day (3 to 4 times) to support growth

Growing and adult pigs — feeding frequency

usually 1 to 2 times daily; sows may have different schedules during gestation and lactation

Proper lifting in OSH

use proper lifting techniques when handling bags or containers of feed to prevent musculoskeletal injuries

Storage safety in OSH

make sure storage areas are free from hazards such as sharp edges or bulging items

Ventilation and temperature control

provide proper ventilation and temperature control in storage areas to prevent mold growth and maintain feed quality

PPE in feeding

use PPE such as dust masks when handling dusty feeds to prevent respiratory issues or when handling chemicals

Farm waste management

handling various types of waste to manage environmental impacts such as pollution and greenhouse gas emissions

digestate

a nutrient-rich fertilizer

eutrophication

the process in which a water body becomes overly enriched with nutrients, leading to plentiful growth of simple plant life

leaching

the removal of soluble materials from a substance

Bedding Materials

raw materials that provide comfort and absorb moisture from animals; often mixed with manure

Fixed Residue

leftover feed that animals do not consume, such as grains, forage, and supplements