WEEK 6 - KIN 160

Nacl

ionic compound ionic lattice

Glucose

Polar, dissolves in water, slightly dissociates, needs a transport protein to pass lipid bilayer, molecule / compound

Oxygen

non polar, slightly dissolves in water, does not dissociate, can freely pass lipid bilayer, molecule

Enzymes

lower activation energy barrier, does not change overall released /required.

metabolism

series of reactions including enzymes

Exergonic

releases free energy eg. ATP hydrolysis ATP → ADP + P;

Endergonic

require energy input eg. ATP resynthesis ADP + Pi -> ATP

First Law of thermodynamics

energy is only transformed (transformed, never created OR destroyed eg. chemical energy in food → chemical reactions in cell

2nd Law of thermodynamics

every energy transfer/transformation increases overall dispersal of energy eg. chemical energy in food -> in cell -> heat + making ATP

Reaction Coupling

exergonic and endergonic reactions can be coupled, exergonic reaction energy shifts to endergonic reaction, occurs often through ATP

Catabolism

break down organic nutrients into end products with released energy stored as ATP

Anabolism

simple molecules are built into larger complex macromolecules using ATP

3 ways for ATP re-synthesis

1. Phosphagen System 2. Glycolysis 3. Oxidative Metabolism

Phosphagen system

1 reaction, direct phosphate transfer

Glycolysis

multiple reactions, "sugar splitting"

Oxidative metabolism

multiple linked pathways