CARDIOVASCULAR

Study Slides

what are the 3 parts of theCV system?

1. heart-cardio

2. blood vessels-vascular

3. blood

what is another term for the heart portion of the CV system?

cardio

what are the 3 functions of the blood?

1. transportation

2. regulation

3. protection

what substances are transported by the blood?

1. O2

2. CO2

3. nutrients

4. metabolic wastes

5. heat and hormones

what does blood regulate?

1. ph

2. body temp

3. water content of cells

how is ph regulated?

through buffers

How is body temp regulated?

1. coolant properties of water

2. vasodilation

how is water content regulated?

with dissolved ions and proteins

what type of tissue is blood?

connective

is blood the only fluid tissue in the body?

yes

what 2 main things is the blood made of?

plasma and formed elements

what are the 3 types of living cells and what are their “cytes”?

1. WBC—Leuko

2. RBS—Erythro

3. Platelets— Thrombo

what is the non living matrix?

plasma

what does plasma carry?

hormones, nutrients, electrocytes, blood proteins

bright red blood?

oxygen rich

dull red blood?

oxygen poor

where are RBC, WBC, and platelets made in general?

bones

what kinds of bones contain red bone marrow?

ribs, humerus, femur (vertebrae bones, end of long bones)

where in the long bones is red bone marrow found?

ends

where specifically in the bone are the blood cells reproduced?

red bone marrow

what is the red bone marrow embedded in?

spongy bone

what is the shaft of the bone filled with?

yellow bone marrow

what vessels flow away from the heart?

arteries, arterioles, capillaries

what blood is transported in arteries?

oxygenated

what vessels branch from the arteries and are narrower in diameter than arteries?

arterioles

in what vessels does diffusion occur?

capillaries

does the yellow bone marrow produce blood cells?

NO

what vessels are return flow vessels?

veins and venues

after the capillaries, what return flow vessels does the blood enter?

venues then veins

which return flow vessel is the largest in diameter?

veins

in what vessels are the valves?

veins

what is the function of the valves?

keep blood from flowing backwards

how many pumps is the heart?

double pump

what is the name of the structure that separates the 2 parts of the heart?

septum

the left and right side of the heart each have what 2 chambers?

atrium and ventricle

what do the atria on each side of the heart do?

receive blood from veins

what to the ventricles on each side of the heart do?

push blood into arteries

what are the valves between the atrium and ventricle called?

right—tricuspid

left—mitral

in what order through the heart does the blood circulate?

inferior and superior vena cava

right atrium

tricuspid valve

right ventricle

pulmonary arteries

lungs

left atrium

mitral valve

left ventricle

aorta

rest of body

left =

oxygenated

right =

deoxygenated

what causes high blood pressure?

hypertension

where is blood pressure highest and lowest?

highest in arteries, lowest in veins

what 2 pressures are part of the cardiac cycle?

systolic and diastolic

which is peak pressure?

systolic (caused by ventricular contraction)

which is lowest pressure?

diastolic (caused by relaxed heart)

what are the 3 CV circuits?

systemic, pulmonary, hepatic

which circuit is the shortest?

pulmonary

which circuit carries blood to and from body tissues?

systemic

which circuit carries blood to and from lungs?

pulmonary

which circuit carrie blood from the capillaries in digestive organs to capillaries in the liver?

hepatic

why is there a special circuit that carries blood to the liver?

to detoxify substances from digestive tract before they are carried to the body

what is the lymphatic system?

an organ system in vertebrates that is part of immune system and complimentary to circulatory

what are the parts of tar lymphatic system?

1. lymph vessels

2. lymph organs

3. lymph tissues

4. lymph nodes

5. lymph

what system is the lymphatic system a part of?

immune system

what system is the lymphatic system complementary to?

circulatory

where do lymph vessels return fluid to?

veins in lower neck

where does the lymphatic system return the water and plasma proteins to?

circulatory system

what are the 3 functions of the lymphatic system?

1. absorb water and plasma proteins

2. absorb fat

3. carry pathogens

where do fats come from?

small intestine

what are the lymph nodes referred to as?

disposal centers

what are the 3 accessory organs to the lymphatic system?

1. spleen— filter

2. thymus—produces WBC

3. tonsils— protects oral and nasal cavity

where are the lymph nodes located?

intervals along lymph vessels

where is lymph filtered?

into lymph nodes

what do lymph nodes contain?

leucocytes that recognize foreign invaders