Organizational Behavior - Chapter 5: Personality and Individual Differences

Flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 5 of Organizational Behavior (20th Edition) by Stephen P. Robbins and Timothy A. Judge.

What does personality-job fit theory state, and who developed the associated typology?

Personality-job fit theory proposes that the fit between an individual's personality type and occupational environment determines satisfaction and turnover. John Holland developed the associated typology identifying six personality types.

According to Holland's Typology, what are the personality characteristics and congruent occupations for the Realistic type?

Personality characteristics include shy, genuine, persistent, stable, conforming, and practical. Congruent occupations include mechanic, drill press operator, assembly-line worker, and farmer.

According to Holland's Typology, what are the personality characteristics and congruent occupations for the Investigative type?

Personality characteristics include analytical, original, curious, and independent. Congruent occupations include biologist, economist, mathematician, and news reporter.

According to Holland's Typology, what are the personality characteristics and congruent occupations for the Artistic type?

Personality characteristics include imaginative, disorderly, idealistic, emotional, and impractical. Congruent occupations include painter, musician, writer, and interior decorator.

According to Holland's Typology, what are the personality characteristics and congruent occupations for the Social type?

Personality characteristics include sociable, friendly, cooperative, and understanding. Congruent occupations include social worker, teacher, counselor, and clinical psychologist.

According to Holland's Typology, what are the personality characteristics and congruent occupations for the Enterprising type?

Personality characteristics include self-confident, ambitious, energetic, and domineering. Congruent occupations include lawyer, real estate agent, public relations specialist, and small business manager.

According to Holland's Typology, what are the personality characteristics and congruent occupations for the Conventional type?

Personality characteristics include conforming, efficient, practical, unimaginative, and inflexible. Congruent occupations include accountant, corporate manager, bank teller, and file clerk.

What does personality-organization fit theory suggest, and how do culture and age affect fit?

It suggests that people are attracted to and selected by organizations that match their values and leave when there is no compatibility. Fit effects are stronger in individualistic cultures and weaker in collectivist cultures, while older workers benefit more when jobs are tailored to their strengths and interests.

What other dimensions of fit exist in organizational behavior beyond job and organization fit?

Person-group fit, person-supervisor fit, and person-environment fit.

How is personality defined, and what are personality traits?

Personality is defined as the sum of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with the world around them. Personality traits are enduring characteristics that describe an individual's behavior.

What are the primary methods used to measure personality, and how is modern AI/ML technology applied?

The most common method is self-report surveys, supplemented by observer-ratings surveys. AI/ML applications are used to improve scoring accuracy, reduce faking, and adaptively present test items.

What four classification pairs make up the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) framework?

Extroverted or Introverted (E or I), Sensing or Intuitive (S or N), Thinking or Feeling (T or F), and Perceiving or Judging (P or J).

How does the MBTI characterize INTJs, ESTJs, and ENTPs?

INTJs are characterized as visionaries, ESTJs as organizers, and ENTPs as conceptualizers.

What are the five personality dimensions included in the Big Five Model?

Conscientiousness, Emotional stability, Extroversion, Openness to experience, and Agreeableness (summarized by the OCEAN mnemonic).

According to the Nature study cited in the lecture, what percentage of the total predicted genetic effect for the Big Five traits was accounted for within families?

Direct genetic effects accounted for 96.2% of the total predicted effect on average across the Big Five within families, showing that genetic links remain strong and shared home environment explained little of the DNA signal.

What three personality traits comprise the Dark Triad?

Machiavellianism (pragmatic, maintaining emotional distance, believing ends justify means), Narcissism (arrogant, grandiose self-importance, requiring excessive admiration, entitlement), and Psychopathy (lack of concern for others and lack of guilt or remorse when actions cause harm).

How do the DiSC framework and the HEXACO model describe personality traits?

The DiSC framework represents traits on a circle where similar traits are close together and dissimilar traits are far apart. The HEXACO model incorporates an additional trait, honesty-humility, into the Big Five framework.

How are Core Self-Evaluation, Self-Monitoring, and Proactive Personality defined?

Core Self-Evaluation (CSE) consists of bottom-line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth. Self-Monitoring measures an individual's ability to adjust behavior to external, situational factors. Proactive Personality describes people who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs.

What four elements dictate situational strength according to Situation Strength Theory?

Clarity, Consistency, Constraints, and Consequences.

What is the core prediction of Trait Activation Theory (TAT)?

Trait Activation Theory predicts that specific situations, events, or interventions 'activate' certain personality traits more than others.

How is ability defined, and what is the distinction between intellectual and physical abilities?

Ability is an individual's current capacity to perform the various tasks in a job. Intellectual abilities are needed to perform mental activities, whereas physical abilities involve capacity for tasks demanding stamina, dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics.

What are the seven dimensions of intellectual ability listed in Exhibit 5.5?

Number aptitude, Verbal comprehension, Perceptual speed, Inductive reasoning, Deductive reasoning, Spatial visualization, and Memory.

What are the nine basic physical abilities identified in Exhibit 5.6?

Strength Factors: Dynamic strength, Trunk strength, Static strength, Explosive strength. Flexibility Factors: Extent flexibility, Dynamic flexibility. Other Factors: Body coordination, Balance, Stamina.

What is the difference between values and a value system?

Values are basic convictions about what is right, good, or desirable. A value system ranks individual values in terms of their intensity.

What does Schwartz's Value Theory propose regarding adjacent versus bipolar values?

It proposes that values represent broad motivational goals over time where adjacent values on the circular model are complementary, whereas bipolar (opposing) values are incongruent.

What are the birth ranges and dominant work values for Baby Boomers and Millennials according to Exhibit 5.7?

Baby Boomers (born 1946–1964) value Optimism, Competition, Hard Work, Teamwork, Loyalty, and Duty. Millennials (born 1981–2000) value Competition, Open-mindedness, Achievement, Responsibility, Uniqueness, and Quality Relationships.

What are the birth ranges and dominant work values for Generation Xers and Generation Zers according to Exhibit 5.7?

Generation Xers (born 1965–1980) value Flexibility, Informality, Skepticism, Independence, Diversity, Work-Life Balance, and Self-Enhancement. Generation Zers (born 2001–2020) value Multiculturalism, Diversity, Entrepreneurship, Progressiveness, Ambidexterity, Personalization, Individuality, Creativity, and Innovation.

What is the core concept of Moral Foundations Theory?

It states that humans possess innate psychological systems central to intuitive ethics, and evolution has created six key moral foundations that allow humans to cooperate, survive, and reproduce.