radt 145 ch. 8

Sexual reproduction

Union of ovum + sperm nuclei

Gamete

Sex cell; ovum or sperm

Ovum

Female gamete

Gonads

Organs that produce gametes

Female gonads

Ovaries

Fertilization

Union of sperm + ovum

Zygote

Fertilized ovum

Embryo

Prenatal stage 2–8 weeks

Fetus

Prenatal stage after 8 weeks

Gestation

Pregnancy

Coitus

Sexual intercourse

Ovaries

Female gonads; produce ova + hormones

Ovarian follicle

Sac containing egg cell

Graafian follicle

Mature ovarian follicle

Ovulation

Release of mature ovum

Corpus luteum

Empty follicle after ovulation; secretes progesterone

Estrogen

Ovarian hormone; female secondary sex characteristics

Progesterone

Maintains endometrium for implantation

FSH / follicle-stimulating hormone

Pituitary hormone; matures ovum

LH / luteinizing hormone

Pituitary hormone; promotes ovulation

Fallopian tubes

Carry ovum from ovary to uterus

Fimbriae

Finger-like ends of fallopian tubes

Adnexa uteri

Ovaries + fallopian tubes + supporting structures

Uterus

Muscular organ where pregnancy develops

Corpus / body of uterus

Upper portion of uterus

Cervix

Lower neck-like portion of uterus

Cervical os

Opening of cervix

Endometrium

Inner lining of uterus

Myometrium

Muscle layer of uterus

Perimetrium / uterine serosa

Outermost uterine layer

Vagina

Muscular canal from uterus to exterior

Vulva

External female genitalia

Labia

Lips of vulva

Clitoris

Sensitive erectile tissue

Perineum

Area between vagina + anus

Bartholin glands

Mucus-secreting glands near vaginal opening

Cul-de-sac

Area between uterus + rectum

Genitalia

Reproductive organs

Orifice

Opening

Menstruation

Monthly shedding of uterine lining

Menarche

First menstrual period

Menopause

End of menstruation

PMS / premenstrual syndrome

Symptoms before menstruation

Amenorrhea

Absence of menstruation

Dysmenorrhea

Painful menstruation

Menorrhagia

Heavy/prolonged menstrual bleeding

Metrorrhagia

Bleeding between menstrual periods

Menometrorrhagia

Heavy bleeding during + between periods

Oligomenorrhea

Infrequent/scanty menstrual periods

Cryptomenorrhea

Menstruation occurs but flow cannot exit

Leukorrhea

Whitish vaginal discharge

Gravida

Number of pregnancies

Para

Number of births

Primigravida

Woman pregnant for first time

Multigravida

Woman with multiple pregnancies

Nulligravida

Woman with no pregnancies

Primipara / primiparous

Woman who has given birth once

Multipara

Woman with multiple births

Nullipara

Woman who has never given birth

Placenta

Vascular organ connecting maternal + fetal circulation

Chorion

Outermost fetal membrane; forms part of placenta

Amnion

Innermost membrane around fetus

Amniotic fluid

Fluid surrounding fetus

hCG / HCG

Hormone produced by placenta; sustains pregnancy

Implantation

Attachment of fertilized egg to endometrium

Parturition

Childbirth

Prenatal

Before birth

Cephalic presentation

Head-first fetal position

Cephalic version

Turning fetus so head presents

Fetal presentation

Position of fetus during delivery

Involution of uterus

Return to nonpregnant size after birth

Breast

Modified apocrine gland

Mammary papilla

Breast nipple

Areola

Pigmented area around nipple

Lactiferous ducts

Carry milk toward nipple

Lactation

Milk production

Colostrum

Yellowish first breast secretion after delivery

Prolactin

Stimulates milk production

Oxytocin

Promotes milk flow + uterine contractions

Galactorrhea

Abnormal persistent milk discharge

Gynecomastia

Abnormal breast development in male

Gynecology

Study/treatment of female reproductive system

Obstetrics

Study of pregnancy + childbirth

Neonatology

Medical care/study of newborns

Episiotomy

Incision of perineum during childbirth

Perineorrhaphy

Suture of perineum

Hysterectomy

Removal of uterus

Total hysterectomy

Removal of entire uterus

Oophorectomy

Removal of ovary

Salpingectomy

Removal of fallopian tube

Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

Removal of both tubes + ovaries

TAH-BSO

Total abdominal hysterectomy + bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

Mastectomy

Removal of breast

Mammoplasty

Surgical repair of breast

Myomectomy

Removal of uterine muscle tumor

Conization

Removal of cone-shaped cervical tissue

Amniocentesis

Needle removal of amniotic fluid

Culdocentesis

Needle removal of fluid from cul-de-sac

Colposcopy

Visual examination of vagina + cervix

Hysteroscopy

Visual examination of uterus