sociology 101 quiz 2

conflation of variables

equating two variables that are not the same thing

gender and sexuality

what variables were conflated in the study in the book?

drag show

where was the study that conflated variables in the book conducted?

a toolkit for living

what is the lecture definition of culture?

anne swidler

who came up with the definition of culture as a toolkit?

cultural capital

knowing what to do in social situations in different cultures

ethnocentrism

defining another culture through the expectations/experience of your own culture

cultural relativism

evaluating another culture through the lens of its own values

moral limits and unconscious (implicit) biases

what are the 2 limits to cultural relativism?

nonmaterial culture

includes language, values, and beliefs, the abstract concepts of a culture

material culture

includes food, clothing, buildings, the physical objects that are unique to/are used in a culture

values

shared abstractions, thoughts concepts, beliefs, etc.

norms

ways one should behave in line with cultural values

folkways, mores, laws, taboos

what is the taxonomy of norms? starting with the least serious and going to the most serious? answer format ____, ____, ____ etc.

folkways

politeness, manners, small level norms, if you don’t do them you may be considered weird or impolite

mores

more serious violations of norms, more societally policed, makes people look down on you morally, ex: cheating on your spouse

laws

norms that are so serious that they are institutionalized, have a legal order to deal with violators

taboos

in a human society, you MUST NOT DO THESE THINGS!! If you engage in these activities, your name will be spoiled, and you are the worst of the worst criminals

dominant culture

majoritarian culture and way of viewing the world amongst a group of people

subcultures

these exist within the dominant culture, but don’t necessarily challenge/oppose the dominant culture

countercultures

these are in opposition to the dominant culture

commodification

when countercultures (and other subcultures) are turned into a niche/market to create a profit from, can result in countercultures becoming subcultures

cultural hegemony

when an idea becomes dominant, naturalized, and normalized

nature vs. nurture

the debate over whether our biology and genes have more effect on the person we turn out to be, or if socialization and the cultures we were raised in have more of an effect, the basis for sociobiology

socialization

“nurture”, the process by which the cultures we grow up in shape ourselves

normative indoctrination

a synonym for socialization, the term that sounds like we are brainwashed to behave in a certain way because of our culture, the term Dr. Shannon doesn’t like

looking glass self

as we start engaging with other people, we begin to build ourselves based off of the perceptions of others, coined by Charles Cooley

imitation stage

the first stage of the development of the social self according to Mead, where babies mimic others’ facial expressions and emotions

play stage

the second stage of the development of the social self according to Mead, where toddlers role-play in various roles in society, for example, acting as a parent, a doctor, or a teacher

game stage

the third stage of the development of the social self according to mead, where children become aware that their behavior is rule bound, they begin to play games that have rules everyone has to follow

generalized other

a generalized sense of what the rules are, and of what expectations others have of us, coined by George Herbert Mead

Thomas theorem

the definition of the situation: if one believes a thing to be real, it will be real in its CONSEQUENCES

dramaturgy

we all play a role when we step out in public, we need to prepare for the role we play to convey to others our status/role, by doing backstage behaviors

master status

the status most salient (apparent, forefront, important), at any given time

ascribed status

a status we have that is imposed on us, i.e race, gender

achieved status

someone has done something to earn this status

copresence

anything that can generate a sense of togetherness, the feeling of being in a community

saturated self

we have different versions of ourselves that we portray in different contexts, thus we, even though we are one person, are filled with different “selves”