sodium

What is hyponatremia defined as?

A net gain of water or loss of sodium-rich fluids that results in sodium level less than 135 mEq/L.

What causes hypovolemic hyponatremia?

Loss of fluid and sodium.

What causes hypervolemic hyponatremia?

Increase in fluid and salt.

What are the main functions of sodium in the body?

Blood pressure, blood volume, and pH balance.

What is the risk factor associated with heat and sweating that can lead to hyponatremia?

Excessive sweating.

What does SIADH stand for and its relation to hyponatremia?

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion; can cause hyponatremia.

What are some neurologic changes associated with hyponatremia?

Seizures, confusion, restlessness, and coma.

How is acute hyponatremia treated?

Add salt through IV Normal Saline, administer hypertonic fluids, and monitor sodium levels.

What is hypernatremia defined as?

Serum sodium greater than 145 mEq/L.

What are the expected gastrointestinal findings in hypernatremia?

Thirst, dry mucous membranes, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia.

What are potential risks associated with hypernatremia?

Water deprivation, hypertonic enteral feedings without adequate water, and diabetes insipidus.

What is the nursing management approach for hypernatremia?

Gradual lowering of serum sodium level and restricting sodium intake.

Why is careful monitoring required in cases of hyponatremia?

To prevent neurological manifestations due to sodium fluctuation.

What is the significance of chloride in relation to sodium?

Chloride will perform many functions that sodium does.

What is a common management step for someone with hypernatremia?

Assessment for abnormal water loss and low water intake.