EVS

Ecological restoration

to reverse degradation and restore native ecosystems

Rehabilitation

repairing ecosystem function, but not to original condition (may be similar to the original community or an entirely different community)

Reintroduction

transplanting organisms from an external source to a site where they have been previously reduced/eliminated

Remediation

using chemical, physical, or biological methods to remove pollution while causing as little disruption as possible

Reclamation

employs stronger, more extreme techniques to clean up severe pollution or create a newly functioning ecosystem on a seriously degraded or barren site

Mitigation

compensation for destroying a site by purchasing or creating one of more or less equal ecological value somewhere else

Most remaining forests are in

tropical and boreal regions.

Tropical Forest

occupy less than 10% of land surface but contain half of all plant, animal and microbial species on earth.

Old growth forests

forests composed primarily of native species, with little indication of human activity and associated disruption of ecological processes

Monoculture forestry

single-species, single use, and intensive cropping. Characterized by rapid growth and easier harvesting, with a lack of biodiversity.

Debt-for-nature swaps

- conservation organizations buy debt obligations, then offer to cancel the debt if the debtor country protects biologically important areas – Norway/Indonesia Partnership – US/Indonesia Agreement