Psychology🧠

dendrites

parts of the neuron branch like extensions, that receive messages from other cells

receptor sites

located on the ends of the dendrites. receives messages from sending neurons (like a lock)

soma

dendrites compete their job by passing the incoming message here

axon

extends from the cell body (soma) to the terminal axon endings, it´s job is to carry electrical messages to the next neuron. (this is like a phone)

myelin sheath

fatty substance around the axon to protect from damage/insulate speeding up neurons. This is made from glial cells

nodes of ranvier

the point at which the myelin sheath is broken up, creating gaps.

axon terminal/ terminal branches

Branches at the end of the axon, send signals to other neurons, (faster than lighting)

terminal buttons

the end of the sending neurons, responsible for reuptake and contains vesicles with neurotransmitters. (fluid filled sack)

synapse gap

at the end of the terminal button, typically where two neurons meet

synaptic vesicules

stores various neurotransmitters (chemicals) that are released at the synapse (located in the terminal buttons of the axon terminals)

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Chronic autoimmune disease that affects the CNS

Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

autoimmune disorder that effects the neurotransmitters junction.

neurotransmitters

chemical that carries messages from one neuron to the other across the synapse

Excitatory Neurotransmitters

chemical released by neurons that increase the likelihood of an action potential occurring in postsynaptic neuron.

Glutamate primary excitatory NT

This is in the CNS , it involves memory/learning and brain plasticity (stronger/newer neural connections) MSG not great foods

inhibitory neurotransmitters

chemical released by neurons that decrease the likelihood of an action potential. occurring in the postsynaptic neurons

Gaba primary inhibitory

This is what before a presentation is NT and CNS, it promotes relaxation, focus, and reduces anxiety/ fear.

Dopamine

NT that plays a crucial role in regulating mood,learning from unexpected outcomes, and deciding which actions are worth repeating, brain= reward system

Serotonin

NT that plays a vital role in regulating mood, sleep cycle, arousal, and appetite/stress(this could lead to depression) SSRI

Endorphins (think legally blonde, ¨kind people don´t kill people¨)

NT produce by the brain and CNS that acts as a natural pain reliever and mood enhancer

Acetylcholine

NT that plays a role in both CNS and PNS and involved in muscle movements both fin and gross.

Substance P

NT involved in transmitting pain signals in the nervous system

Norepinephrine (adrenaline)

NT that helps control alertness and arousal.

neural transmission

The process by which neurons communicate with each other though electrical and chemical signals (relay race)

dendrites numbers?

-70mv to -55mv

Threshold

The minimal level of stimulation needed to fire action potential. All or nothing action (toilet flush)

depolarization

the axon becomes more positive, compared to its outside due to the influx. (+30mv)

action potential

firing a brief electrical charge that travels down the axon (40mv)

Repolarization

This is where the neuron becomes more negative to prepare for its resting state. (polar animals hibernate)

Refractory period

period of time after action potential in which the cells need to recharge (toilet bowl refilling)

Synaptic transmission

The message reaches the terminal branches and is transferred to the next neuron NT through synapse.

Reuptake

after the NT´s stimulate the receptors (extra taken by a vaccum)

Resting potential

Goes back to charge of -70mv