Prostaglandins

medications based on lipid-derived mediators

• Over the counter analgesics

• OTC

Who initially observed prostaglandins

• Gynecologists Kuzrock and Lieb 

who conducted detailed analysis on prostaglandins

• Bergstrom 

• Samuelson 

• Vane 

what acid are prostaglandins derveid from 

Arachidonic acid 

• derived from eicosatetraenoic 

Generic term for AA

eicosanoids (20 carbon units)

How is arachidonic acid made

• Membrane phospholipids acted upon by phospholipase A2 

What enzymes form prostanoids from AA

COX-1 and COX-2

Full form of cox 

cyclooxygenases

What is skeleton of prostaglandions called

prostanoic acid

• has tails which can be trans and cis 

Trans prostanoic acid

prostanoids

Cis prostanoic acid

isoprostanes(does not need cox)

What does constitutively active

• means always working COX-1 

Promiscuity

• ligands can act on multipe receptors of the same class 

• so pgs can act of all the different receptors 

Relaxant PG receptors

• IP

• EP2

• EP4

• DP1

They increase cAMP and relax smooth muscles 

Contractile PG receptors

• TP 

• EP1

• FP

Inhibitory PG receptors

• EP3

How are PGs terminated

• carrier-mediated uptake 

• cytoplasmic oxidation 

Cytoprotection

• protect the abdomen from NSAIDS 

Glaucoma

• evyesight issue 

• damge optic nerve 

How to resolve Glaucoma 

• Lower IOP, intraocular pressure 

what is aqueous humour

• fluid which builds up in the eye and causes Glaucoma