Cell Parts

What are 5 cell parts?

Cytoplasm/Cytosol, Cell(Plasma) Membrane, Nucleas, Nucleolus, and Nuclear Envelope

What are Cytoplasm and Cytosol?

Fluid substances made mostly of water that cushions and protects the organelles in the cell

What is the Cell/Plasma Membrane

A thin, selectively permeable, phospholipid bilayer

What does it mean to be selectively permeable?

Only lets in certain molecules

What does it mean to be a phospholipid?

A lipid that is both hydrophilic and hydrophobic

What is the nucleas?

The control center of the cell where DNA is stored

What does the Nucleolus do?

Makes ribosomes. It is found in the nucleas

What is the Nuclear Envelope?

The membrane surrounding the nucleas with holes that allow RNA and ribosomes to exit the nucleas

What are the next four parts of the cell?

Ribosomes, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum, and the Golgi Apparatus

What are ribosomes?

Organelles that make proteins. They can be attached to Rough ERs or nothing

What are Mitochondria?

Oraganelles that help with cellular respiration (The “Powerhouse of the cell”)

What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?

Smooth and Rough

What is the Rough ER?

ER with ribosomes attached. It synthesizes and packages proteins

What is the Smooth ER?

ER with no attached ribosomes. It synthesizes fats like phospholipids and steroids, and has enzymes that process alcohol and drugs

What is the Golgi Apparatus?

Flattened sacs that modify, sort, and package materials from the ER (Post Office or the cell)

What are the next 4 parts of the cell?

Lysosomes, Vacuoles, Cell Wall, and Chloroplasts

What are lysosomes?

A vesicle that contains digestive enzymes that break down biomolecules and old organelles (Dump truck of the cell)

What is TaySachs?

A genetic disorder where lysosomes do not break down lipids. This causes lipids to build up in brain cells, damaging the brain

What do vacuoles do?

Store water, sugar, and protein. They are very large in plant cells and very small in animal cells

What is a cell wall?

Cellulose surrounding cells that give them support, protection, and a shape(In plants)

What are chloroplasts?

Structures in plant cells that change the sun’s energy to chemical energy through photosynthesis

What are the last 4 parts of the cell?

Centriole, Junctions, Cytoskeleton, and Peroxisomes

What do centrioles do?

Help with cell division

What do junctions do?

Communicates with other cells and binds them together. There are three types. In plants, they are plasmodesmata

What is the cytoskeleton?

The structural support of the cell. There are three types of filaments that make it up

What is the biggest part of the cytoskeleton?

Microtubules-the thickest, hollow tubes. They give shape and support, as well as tracks for organelles to move on

What is the second biggest part of the skeleton?

Intermediate Filaments-they reinforce cell shape and anchor some organelles

What is the smallest part of the cytoskeleton?

Microfilaments- actin filaments in a double chain that support the cell’s shape

What do peroxisomes do?

Detoxify fatty acids and break down fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide

What are Pili?

Hair like appendages on bacterial cells

What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Prokayotes are single celled organisms with no nucleas

What is the nucleoid?

The place the DNA is kept in prokaryotes(isn’t actually enclosed)

What is the capsule?

The outer layer of most prokaryotes

What is cellular metabolism?

All of the activities a cell does

What is chromatin?

DNA that is not dividing

What is an extracellular matrix?

A layer outside of the cell that holds cells together

What are motor proteins?

Proteins that work with the cytoskeleton to move cells

What is endosymbiont theory?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts used to be separate organisms working with cells in a symbiotic relationship

What is stroma?

The fluid in chloroplasts

What are thykaloids?

The network of sacks in a chloroplast

What are grana?

Stacks of sacks in a chloroplasts

What is the mitochondrial matrix?

Everything in the mitochondria