ma ch 7 procedure cards

mantoux test

TB screening test in which an injection of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) is placed just beneath the surface of the skin to identify a previous exposure to TB

oximetry

noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with O2; also called pulse oximetry

ploysomnography

test of sleep cycles and stages using electroencephalograms (EEGs), which are continuous recordings of brain waves, as well as electrical activity of muscles, eye movement, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood O2, saturation heart rhythm, and sometimes direct observation of the person sleeping using a video camera

pulmonary function test (PFTs)

noninvasive tests to assess the capacity of the lungs during inhalation and exhalation that measure the lung volume, capacity, rates of flow, and gas exchange

spirometry

PFT that measures the volume and rate of air air movement in and out of the lungs using a device called a spirometer

bronchoscopy

visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope (flexible fiberoptic or rigid) inserted through the mouth and trachea for direct viewing of structures or for projection on a monitor

laryngoscopy

visual examination of the larynx to detect tumors, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury, or other abnormalities

mediastinoscopy

visual examination of the mediastinal structures, including the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes

arterial blood gas (ABG)

test that measures dissolved O2 and CO2 in arterial blood

COVID - 19 tests

lab test performed to detect the presence of antibodies or the presence of the COVID-19 virus

antibody

blood test to detect the presence of antibodies to determine past infection with the virus that causes COVID-19

nose swab

long swab is used to take a sample from the upper nasal cavity that is then sent to a lab for testing

sputum culture

microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias

sweat test

measurement of the amount of salt (sodium chloride) in sweat

throat culture

test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci

CXR

radiographic test that aids in identifying lung conditions such as pneumonia, lung cancer, COPD, and pneumothorax

computed tomography (CT)

imaging technique that rotates an x-ray emitter around the area to be evaluated and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles

helical computed tomography (HCT)

CT scan that works by continuously rotating the x-ray source and detector around the patient while the patient is simultaneously moved through the scanner, providing a more comprehensive view of anatomical structures and abnormalities and an image that is clearer, more accurate, and completed more quickly than a traditional CT; also called spiral CT scan

computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA)

minimally invasive imaging that combines CT scanning and angiography to produce images of the pulmonary arteries

ventilation-perfusion (v-Q) scan

nuclear test scan that evaluates airflow (ventilation) and blood flow (perfusion) in the lungs for evidence of a blood clot in the lungs; also called V-Q lung scan

pleurectomy

excision of part of the pleura, usually the parietal pleura

pneumonectomy

excision of a lung of a portion of the lung, commonly for treatment of cancer

septoplasty

surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum that is usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures

thoracentesis

surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity; also called pleurocentesis or thoracocentesis

tracheostomy

surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted

aerosol therapy

lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways

antral lavage

washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed to respond to medical management

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

medical device used to treat sleep apnea that delivers a continuous stream of air at a set pressure level to keep the airway open during sleep and ensure a consistent flow of oxygen to the lungs

endotracheal intubation

procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway

postural drainage

method of positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs to make breathing easier

supplemental oxygen therapy

provides additional O2 to patients whose blood levels are below normal to help increase the O2 in the bloodstream and improve delivery throughout the tissues and organs of the body; several types of methods are available and depend on the specific medical condition of the patient

nasal cannula

delivers O2 directly through the nose through small prongs inserted into each nostril that are attached by a loosed tube attached to an oxygen source

oxygen masks

delivers higher concentration of O2 through a mask that covers the mouth and nose

hyperbaric chamber

delivers pure O2 at a higher than normal atmospheric pressure in a sealed chamber that allows the bloodstream to absorb more O2