CS2 1.1-1.3

An operating system is the primary software on a computer that manages all the __________, such as the keyboard, monitor, and sound card.

hardware

The operating system allows users to communicate with a __________ or computer, taking care of basic uses such as taking in user input, running applications, and saving files.

machine

Operating systems manage and keep track of all __________ and folders, and allow users to install and run other software or applications.

files

Most operating systems allow users to set up user accounts with __________ and specific permissions for each account, helping with system security.

passwords

Operating systems can schedule updates, perform tasks, and processes, such as forcing a __________ to close if it stops responding.

program

There are different types of __________ systems, including workstation OS, mobile operating systems, server operating systems, embedded operating systems, firmware, and hypervisors.

operating

Workstation OS is commonly used on desktop or laptop computers and can perform many tasks without an __________ connection.

internet

The three most widely used operating systems are Microsoft Windows, Apple Macintosh (also known as __________), and Linux.

Macs

Mobile operating systems, such as __________ and iOS, are used on phones, tablets, and other mobile devices.

Android

Chrome OS is used on __________, which can be classified as either a workstation or mobile operating system.

Chromebooks

Server operating systems are used on specialized computers that take in requests and send back __________, such as mail servers or web servers.

responses

Embedded operating systems perform __________ tasks and are used in machines such as ATMs or GPS systems.

specific

Firmware is a type of operating system that takes care of lower-level tasks and is permanently etched into __________ devices such as keyboards or video cards.

hardware

Hypervisors allow one host computer to support multiple __________ devices by virtually sharing resources like memory and processing.

guest

The top three operating systems are Microsoft Windows, Apple Macintosh, and Linux, with Microsoft Windows being the most __________ due to its large industry support and wide range of applications.

popular

Microsoft Windows has a large user base, making it a target for security __________, but many operating systems now use a graphical user interface (GUI) to provide a simpler way to use the system.

exploitation

Apple Macintosh computers are also extremely popular, known for being easy to use and having good __________ features, but are typically more expensive than Windows systems.

security

Linux is a free and open-source operating system that is very different from Windows and Macs, with many different __________ available due to its open-source nature, but it has limited support and compatibility.

versions

All operating systems use different types of __________ systems, which are methods for storing files, and each operating system has its own preferred file system.

file

The top four file systems used today are FAT32, NTFS, ext4, and HFS, each with its own unique features and memory __________.

capacities

FAT32 is compatible with all three major operating systems and is commonly used for USB drives and memory __________, with a memory limit of 16 terabytes.

cards

NTFS is a Windows file system that comes with additional features and more memory than FAT32, with a memory capacity of one __________.

exabyte

ext4 is used on Linux systems and also has a memory capacity of one __________, while HFS is a Mac file system with the most memory available, capped at eight exabytes.

exabyte

File systems can perform various functions, including compressing and encrypting files, setting user __________, and keeping track of changes, which are important for security and data management.

permissions

Each operating system has its own way of storing and viewing files, and a file __________ is a program that allows users to view, open, move, and rename files, with different programs working slightly differently.

manager

File extensions are the text that comes after the __________ in the name of the file, and the operating system uses this to determine which program or application to use to open the file.

period

Some file extensions, such as PDF and JPG, can be used on all computers as long as the user has an __________ to open them.

app

Certain file extensions, such as PAGES, are exclusive to specific systems, and while they can be opened on other systems by changing the file __________, they cannot be strictly opened with their original extension.

extension

Linux uses the way the file is coded to decide which __________ to use to open the file, rather than looking at the extension.

program

Operating systems have their own procedures for processing information, and some systems may need more memory to open a __________ or run a program, making it essential to know the computer's processor.

file

A __________, also known as a CPU or central processing unit, executes the instructions passed to it by the operating system, and a 64-bit processor is stronger than a 32-bit processor, capable of storing more values and information and handling more data at one time.

processor

A 64-bit processor has over 4 billion times the physical __________ of a 32-bit processor, and while a 32-bit operating system can usually run on a 64-bit processor, the reverse is not true.

memory