(Week 7) Ch.12 Organizational Leadership Theories and Cross-Cultural Psychology

Leadership

A social (interpersonal) influence relationship between two or more people who depend on each other to attain certain mutual goals in a group situation

Effective Leadership

Helps individuals and groups achieve goals

Formal Leader

Individual who is recognized by those outside the group as the official leader of the group

Informal Leader

Individual whom members of the group acknowledge as their leader

Charismatic Leader

A person who possesses legitimate power that arises from 'exceptional sanctity, heroism, or exemplary character.'

Theory X

Dislikes work, incapable of self-direction and self-control

Theory Y

Likes work, capable of self-direction and self-control

Trait Theories of Leadership

Ongoing unchanging characteristics of a person

Drive

High level of effort

Motivation

Desire to lead

Honesty

Less frequent deceit

Self-Confidence

Confidence in one's own abilities

Cognitive Ability

Knowledge relevant to the context

Creativity/Flexibility

Ability to adapt and think creatively

High Self-Monitoring

Strong awareness of and ability to choose how self is perceived by others

Ohio State Studies

Examines hundreds of traits and formed subgroups of traits

Consideration

'Relationship-oriented' behavior of a leader that is instrumental in creating and maintaining good relationships

Initiating Structure

'Task-oriented' leader behaviors that are instrumental in the efficient use of resources to attain organizational goals

U of Michigan Studies

Focuses on Job Centered Leader and Employee Centered Leader

Fiedler's Contingency Model

Suggests that different leadership styles are effective as a function of the favorableness of the leadership situation least preferred

Robert House Path Goal Theory

Effective leaders clarify the path for workers to achieve work goals and remove roadblocks on the path

Transformational Leadership

A leader who moves and changes things 'in a big way' by inspiring others to perform the extraordinary

Collectivist Cultures

Focuses on relationships and giving priority to the needs of your group

Individualist Cultures

Focuses on individuals rather than groups