Mood

Whats the overview of mood?

• Major depressive episode: severe depression or loss of interest/pleasure including cognitive symptoms(You don’t have to see all of these below) 

• Feelings of worthlessness 

• Altered sleep patterns 

• Changing appetite and weight 

• Notable loss of energy 

• Slowing down 

• Fatigue 

• Concentration problems 

• Thoughts of death 

Depression lasts two weeks 

•General loss of interest 

•Anhedonia: inability to experience pleasure 

•Behavioural and emotional shutdown

Mania: extreme pleasure in every activity 

• Hyperactivity, rapid speech 

• Flight of ideas 

• Person may require hospitalization 

• 7+ days 

Hypomanic episode: not as severe as a manic episode 

•No marked impairment in social or occupational functioning 

•4+ days

Whats the structure of a mood disorder?

• Unipolar mood disorder: mood remains at one pole of depression–mania continuum 

• Bipolar mood disorder: mood travels between depression– elation poles 

• Mixed features: mix of symptoms

Describe major depressive disorder

 A. 5+ of following in 2-week period; at least 1 is either (1) or (2) 

1. Depressed mood most of the day, every day 

2. Diminished interested or pleasure in almost all activities 

3. Significant weight loss or weight gain or decreased/increased appetite nearly every day 

4. Insomnia or hypersomnia 

5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation 

6. Fatigue/loss of energy 

7. Worthlessness or excessive guilt 

8. Concentration problems/indecisiveness 

9. Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, planning or attempt 

No previous manic/hypomanic episode

Describe persistant depressive disorder

A. Relatively unchanged depressed mood for 2+ years 

B. While depressed, 2 or more of: 

• poor appetite/overeating 

• in/hypersomnia 

• low energy 

• poor concentration or decision making 

• hopelessness 

• low self-esteem 

C. Never w/o symptoms A or B for 2+ months 

D. Can meet MDE for 2+ years 

*Double depression Persistent depression with periods of significantly worsening mood (MDE’s)

Describe these pictoral representations of non-bipolar depression

a) two major depressive episodes b)persistent depressive disorder c) double depression d) chronic major depressive disorder e) major depressive disorder in remission f) recurrent major depression with

What are the 4 depressive disorder specifiers?

Describe 4 types of grief?

what are the 3 types of bipolar disorders?

Bipolar 1: 1 manic episode

Bipolar 2: 1 manic episdoe

Cyclothymic disorder: Mood elevation and depression. Not as severe

WHat is a manic episode?

A. Abnormally and persistent elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, goal-directed activity, or energy for 1+ week 

B. 3+ symptoms of following or 4 if mood is only irritable 

• Inflated self-esteem/grandiosity 

• Decreased need for sleep** 

• More talkative/pressured speech 

• Flight of ideas/racing thoughts 

• Distractibility 

• Increased goal-directed activity 

• Involvement in high-risk activities

whats the difference between bipolar 1 and bipolar 2?

Bipolar I Disorder A. One manic episode 

• Can have depressive episodes 

  • Cycle between the two 

Bipolar II Disorder 

A. One hypomanic episode AND one major depressive episode 

• Never full mania

Rapid-cycling specifier: 4 manic or depressive episodes within 1 year

Ultrarapid: days to weeks(ultrawear)

Ultraultra rapid:

Whats the onset and duration of bipolar 1 and 2?

• Average age of onset: 

• Bipolar I disorder: 18 years 

• Bipolar II disorder: 22 years (10%–13% progress to Bipolar I) 

• Suicide risk increases with diagnosis 

• 60% of cyclothymic patients are women – onset in teens

Whats the serotonin hypothesis around mood disorders?

• Low levels of serotonin may impact mood? 

• Serotonin regulates emotions? 

• No test of serotonin levels in the brain 

• Body serotonin does not cross the blood-brain-barrier

What contrinutes to mood disorders?

Low serotonin

stressful life events

sleep problems

Describe learned helplessness theory around depression?

what re the treatments for depression?

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy 

• Correcting cognitive errors 

• Realistic thinking encouraged by monitoring and logging thought processes 

• Socratic questioning and cognitive restructuring 

• Behavioural experiments and activation are encouraged

• 
  

• Interpersonal Psychotherapy 

  • Time-limited and structured treatment 

  • Focuses on how current relationships and life events influence mood. 

  • Targets one of four key interpersonal problem areas: Grief, Role Disputes, Role Transitions, or Interpersonal Deficits. 

  • Uses techniques such as interpersonal incident analysis and communication exploration to build insight. 

  • Goal: Improve relationship functioning and alleviate depressive symptoms by resolving interpersonal difficulties.

What are 3 psychosocial treatments for bipolar

What are the 3 basic antidepressent medications?

• Tricyclics 

• MAOIs 

• SSRIs