1.4B) Brain Regions and Structures

Brainstem

oldest part of the brain that directly connect to the spinal cord

oldest part of the brain that directly connects to the spinal cord

brainstem

medulla

part of brain stem that controls autonomic functions like heart rate and lungs

part of brain stem that controls autonomic functions like heart rate and lungs

medulla

Pons

part of brain stem that connects the medulla and mid brain that is involved in sleep, especially REM

part of brain stem that connects the medulla and mid brain that is involved in sleep, especially REM

Pons

Thalamus

Sends info to higher brain and to the medulla, has sensory control except for smell

Sends info to higher brain and to the medulla, has sensory control except for smell

thalamus

Reticular formation

the network running through the brainstem

the network running through the brainstem

reticular formation

Reticular activating system (RAS)

a part of reticular formation that promotes alertness and wakefulness, and also filters sensory information

A part of reticular formation that promotes alertness and wakefullness, and also filters incoming sensory information

Reticular activating system (RAS)

Cerebellum

“little brain” that helps with non verbal learning skills, time judgement, emotion modulation and voluntary movement

“little brain” that helps with non verbal learning skills, time judgement, emotion modulation and voluntary movement

cerebellum

the old brain

our brain processes most information outside of our awareness, and our older and deeper brain structures control primal emotions like other animals

our brain processes most information outside of our awareness, and our older and deeper brain structures control primal emotions like other animals

the old brain

The limbic system

The border between the older brain and newer cerebral hemispheres

the border between the older brain and newer cerebral hemispheres

the limbic system

Amygdala

Two lima bean sized clusters that controls emotion (fear and anger)

Two lima bean sized clusters that controls emotion (fear and anger)

Amygdala

Hypothalamus

the reward center controls the pituitary gland and body maintenance: hunger, thirst, body temp, s3xual behavior, and homeostasis

the reward center that controls the pituitary gland and body temperature and body maintenance: hunger, thirst, and body temp, s3xual behavior, and homeostasis

hypothalamus

Hippocampus

seahorse shaped structure that controls explicit memories, processes consciousness; damage = no new memories. NFL knocked = smaller hippocampus

seahorse shaped structure that controls explicit memories processes consciousness: damage = no new memories. NFL knocked out = smaller hippocampus

hippocampus

Cerebral cortex

ultimate control point of information processing

ultimate control point of information processing

cerebral cortex

association areas

brain parts associated with particular non exclusive functions

brain parts associated with particular non exclusive functions

association areas

Frontal Lobe

making judgements, decisions, and producing speech

making judgements, decisions, and producing speech

frontal lobe

Frontal Lobe Association Areas

the prefrontal cortex, broca’s area, and primary motor cortex

the prefrontal cortex, broca’s area, and primary motor cortex

frontal lobe association areas

Prefrontal Cortex

a frontal lobe association area that regulates thoughts, actions, and emotions; planning and judgement

a frontal lobe association area that regulates thoughts, actions, and emotions; planning and judgement

Prefrontal Cortex

Damaged prefrontal cortex:

personality change

personality change =

damaged prefrontal cortex

Broca’s Area

a frontal lobe association area that organizes muscles of the face, mouth, and throat to produce speech

a frontal lobe association area that organizes muscles of the face, mouth, and throat to produce speech

Broca’s Area

Broca’s Aphasia

Damage to Broca’s area results in nonfluent speech

Damage to to this area results in nonfluent speech

Broca’s area

Motor Cortex

a frontal lobe association area that controls voluntary movement

a frontal lobe association area that controls voluntary movement

Motor cortex

Parietal Lobe

processes sensory information and spatial cognition

process sensory information and spatial cognition

Parietal Lobe

Somatosensory cortex

an association area that processes sensory information from the body, such as touch, temperature, pain, and pressure

an association area that processes sensory information from the body, such as touch, temperature, pain, and pressure

Somatosensory Cortex

Occipital Lobe

processes visual info

Processes visual info

Occipatal lobe

Temporal Lobe

helps you use your senses to understand and respond to the world around you

helps you use your senses to understand and respond to the world around you

Temporal Lobe

Wernicke’s Area

an association area that helps with the comprehension of spoken language

an association area that helps with the comprehension of spoken language

Wernicke’s Area