Readings in Philippine History - Exam Reviewer Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms, historical figures, publications, and concepts from Philippine history, including the Kartilya ng Katipunan, the Declaration of Philippine Independence, historical caricatures, and the presidency of Corazon Aquino.

Katipunan (KKK)

Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan; a secret revolutionary society founded on July 7, 1892, in Manila with the goal of ending Spanish colonial rule and achieving Philippine independence.

Kartilya ng Katipunan

A document written by Emilio Jacinto that served as a moral, ethical, and behavioral guide outlining the Katipunan's principles, values, and expected conduct.

Emilio Jacinto

The author of the Kartilya ng Katipunan, widely recognized as the "Brains of the Katipunan" (Utak ng Katipunan).

Andres Bonifacio

The Katipunan's leading founder and Supremo who adopted Emilio Jacinto's Kartilya as the organization's principal teachings.

Supremo

The highest leader of the Katipunan, a title associated with Andres Bonifacio.

Katipunero

A member of the Katipunan.

Utak ng Katipunan

The nickname given to Emilio Jacinto, meaning "Brains of the Katipunan."

Integrity (Kartilya)

Being honest and doing what is right even when no one is watching.

Oppression (Kartilya)

Cruel or unjust treatment of people by those with power.

Emilio Aguinaldo

The revolutionary leader who proclaimed Philippine independence on June 12, 1898, in Kawit, Cavite.

Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista

A Filipino lawyer and revolutionary who prepared and read the Act of the Declaration of Philippine Independence.

Marcela Agoncillo

The individual who helped make the Philippine flag used during the proclamation of independence while in Hong Kong.

Lorenza Agoncillo

Marcela Agoncillo’s daughter who assisted in making the Philippine flag in Hong Kong.

Delfina Herbosa de Natividad

A patriot who helped make the Philippine flag in Hong Kong alongside Marcela and Lorenza Agoncillo.

Julián Felipe

The composer of the music for the Marcha Filipina Magdalo, which later became known as Lupang Hinirang.

L. M. Johnson

An American artillery officer who witnessed the proclamation of Philippine independence and signed the declaration.

Marcha Filipina Magdalo

The national anthem performed for the first time during the declaration of independence on June 12, 1898, later known as Lupang Hinirang.

Cavite el Viejo

The historical name of Kawit, Cavite, where Philippine independence was proclaimed on June 12, 1898.

Treaty of Paris (December 1898)

The agreement under which Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States following the Spanish-American War.

National Sovereignty

The principle that political authority should belong to the Filipino people, not to a colonial power.

Historical Work of Art

A visual creation (such as a painting, drawing, caricature, or poster) that provides evidence about the society, beliefs, events, people, or political issues of a period.

Political Caricature

An image that uses exaggeration, symbols, humor, or irony to comment on political leaders, government, public issues, or society.

Satire

The use of humor, irony, or exaggeration to criticize behavior, institutions, or political conditions.

Symbolism (in Art)

Using an object, person, animal, or image to represent a larger idea.

Alfred Macoy

A historian born June 8, 1945, in Massachusetts, USA, holding degrees in European studies and Asian Studies, as well as a doctorate in Southeast Asian history.

Alfredo Reyes Roces

A prominent painter, essayist, and versatile artist in Philippine Art born on April 29, 1923.

The Philippines Free Press

A publication founded in 1906 by Judge W.A. Kincaid, later taken over by McCullough Dick, advocating integrity, democracy, and Philippine national progress.

Lipag-Kalabaw

A publication founded in 1906 by Lope K. Santos that contained satiric cartoons and maintained contributor anonymity.

The Independent

A periodical founded in 1915 by Vicente Sotto that served as a forum for the discussion of political issues.

Vicente Sotto

The founder of The Independent, historically recognized as the "Father of Cebuano letters."

Bag - Ong Kusog

A publication meaning "New Force" that highlighted the condition of Cebu before the war and discussed differences between Spanish and American colonial governments.

Corazon Cojuangco Aquino

The 11th president of the Philippines (1933–2009) and the first woman to hold the presidency, whose administration is associated with restoring democratic institutions.

People Power Revolution

A peaceful mass movement in February 1986 along Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) that ended the authoritarian rule of Ferdinand Marcos.

1987 Constitution

The fundamental law ratified during Corazon Aquino's presidency that established the framework of the restored democratic government in the Philippines.

Authoritarian Rule

A system of governance in which political power is concentrated and political freedoms are restricted.

Rhetoric

The way a speaker uses language and arguments to influence and persuade an audience.