Oxygenation Dynamics

Fuel sources utilized during aerobic respiration

-glucose (from glycogen)
-O2 (byproducts being CO2 and H2O)

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

Pyruvate is turned into Acetyl CoA (due to oxygen) and then taken through the Krebs cycle until:
-2 ATP
-6 CO2
-6NADH
-2FADH2
are produced.

What part of the ETC does cyanide affect? What is the antidote

Cytochrome C; hydroxocobalamin (B-vitamin)

PAO2

partial pressure of alveolar oxygen (80-100 mmHg)

SaO2

the amount of Hgb in the blood that is saturated (93-98%)

SpO2

total saturation of oxygen bound to Hgb (93-98%)

SvO2

-mixed venous oxygen saturation (pulmonary artery) (60-80%)
-measures how much oxygen is left over after the blood returns to the heart

Hgb

hemoglobin concentration (12-15 g/dL)

CaO2

total content of oxygen bound to Hgb (16-22 mL/O2/dL)

DO2

delivery of oxygen each min (900-1100 mL/kg/min)

O2ER

oxygen consumption - extraction (3 mL/kg/min)

cardiac output

(Q) 4-8 L/min (5.5 L/min average)

minute ventilation

(V) 4-8 L/min (5L/min average)

V/Q mismatch - shunting

-minute volume issue
-inability to get gas down to capillary beds
-venous admixture
-COPD, Asthma, Pneumonia, ARDS
-will respond well to oxygen therapy

V/Q mismatch - physiologic deadspace

-affects cardiac output (Q)
-lack of perfusion to the alveoli
-trauma, tension pneumothorax, Cardiac tamponade, cardiogenic shock

Hypoxemia

insufficient oxygenation of the blood which will lead to a hypoxic state (phase before hypoxia)

Aerobic respiration goal

production of ATP

Glycolysis

first step in respiration, does not require oxygen, takes glucose and produces 2 pyruvate and 2 ATP

NAD+

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (B vitamin)

FAD+

Riboflavin (B vitamin)

oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain)

Process where NADH and FADH2 provide the electrons that move along several complexes that allow H+ to flow through the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space and fuel ATP synthase. Results:
- 36 ATP

P

partial pressure

PO2

partial pressure of oxygen in the given environment (80-100 mmHg)

PaO2

partial pressure of dissolved oxygen in the blood (80-100 mmHg)

ScvO2

-central venous oxygen saturation
-from a central line
-(70-80%)

Q

cardiac output (4-8L/min)