Maternal-Child Nursing, Gestational Adaptation, and Clinical Nutrition

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering gestational psychological adaptations, maternal discomforts and danger signs, local and systemic maternal physiological changes, and clinical nutrition diet therapy.

Acceptance of Pregnancy

The primary psychological task that a woman must accomplish during the first trimester of her pregnancy.

Ambivalence

A common emotional reaction of conflicting feelings experienced by a pregnant woman during the first trimester.

Parental Role-Playing and Dreaming

Psychological behaviors and increased vivid dreams about being a parent that typically occur during the third trimester of pregnancy.

Couvade Syndrome

A phenomenon in which a partner who is closely involved or attuned to the pregnancy experiences physical symptoms similar to those of the pregnant woman.

Narcissism (in Pregnancy)

An early emotional reaction to pregnancy characterized by self-centeredness and intense focus on one's own bodily changes.

Preterm Birth and Dental Care Link

The clinical correlation demonstrating that poor maternal oral health during pregnancy increases the risk of preterm birth.

Ideal Gestational Weight Gain

A total weight gain of $25\text{--}35\text{ lb}$ throughout pregnancy for a client starting at normal body weight.

1-Hour Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)

A gestational screening test whose threshold result in a pregnant woman should not exceed $140\text{ mg/dl}$.

Supine Hypotension Syndrome

A condition caused by compression of the inferior vena cava when lying flat on the back, causing dizziness and nausea; prevented by assuming a left side-lying position.

Kegel Exercise

A perineal muscle-strengthening exercise that tightens the pelvic floor to help prevent stress incontinence, promote healing, and reduce pain.

Pelvic Rocking

An exercise that increases lumbar spine flexibility to relieve backache during pregnancy and early labor, while strengthening abdominal muscles.

Tailor Sitting

An exercise performed by sitting straight-backed on the floor with the soles of the feet together to stretch thigh and pelvic muscles and improve pelvic circulation.

Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH) Signs

Clinical warning signs including blurred vision, swelling of the face or fingers, and weight gain exceeding $1\text{ lb/week}$ in the second trimester.

Danger Signs of Pregnancy

Critical symptoms requiring immediate attention, such as sudden escape of clear fluid from the vagina, hyperemesis gravidarum, and chills with fever.

Professional Identification Card (PRC)

An official card issued by the Professional Regulation Commission of the Philippines certifying a registered professional (e.g., Midwife) in good standing.

Prolactin

An anterior pituitary hormone responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary glands.

Estrogen (in Gestational Adaptation)

A steroid hormone responsible for hypertrophy and hyperplasia of uterine muscle fibers, enhanced uteroplacental blood flow, and nasopharyngeal congestion.

Physiological Anemia of Pregnancy (Pseudoanemia)

A condition resulting from a greater relative expansion of maternal plasma volume compared to red blood cell mass increase.

Linea Nigra

A dark brown hyperpigmented line extending on the abdominal wall from the umbilicus to the symphysis pubis during pregnancy.

Diastasis Recti

The separation of the rectus abdominis muscles along the midline caused by excessive stretching of the abdominal wall during fetal growth.

Progesterone (in Gestational Adaptation)

A hormone that increases renin-angiotensin-aldosterone activity to raise aldosterone production and reduces systemic vascular resistance during pregnancy.

Fetal Glucose Level

The standard physiological concentration of glucose in fetal circulation, equal to $60\text{ mg/100 ml}$.

Parathyroid Gland

An endocrine gland essential for regulating maternal calcium metabolism during pregnancy.

Increased Cardiac Output Mechanism

The primary cardiovascular adaptation during the first half of pregnancy driven predominantly by an increased stroke volume.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

The only immunoglobulin class capable of crossing the placental barrier to confer passive immunity to the fetus.

Naegele's Rule

A method to calculate the estimated date of delivery by subtracting 3 months, adding 7 days, and adding 1 year to the first day of the last normal menstrual period.

GTPAL System

An obstetrical history framework denoting Gravida, Term births (\n\n\n\n\ge 37\text{ weeks}), Preterm births ($< 37\text{ weeks}$), Abortions/miscarriages, and Living children.

Blenderized Tube Feedings

A cost-effective home-prepared enteral feeding formula made from natural blended foods for patients with long-term nasogastric tubes.

Nutritionally Complete Formula

A commercial enteral feeding product that provides a full, balanced complement of essential macronutrients and micronutrients.

Modular Formulation

An incomplete liquid enteral supplement containing specific single macronutrients (e.g., protein, fat, or carbohydrate) to meet distinct clinical needs.

F75 Formula

A specialized low-protein condensed enteral formula used during the initial stabilization management phase of severe acute malnutrition.

F100 Formula

A high-calorie, high-protein combined enteral formula designed to rebuild tissue during the rehabilitation phase of severe malnutrition.

Nasogastric Tube (NGT)

A flexible tube passed through the nose and esophagus into the stomach for enteral feeding or decompression.

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

Intravenous administration of complete nutritional support via a central venous catheter for patients unable to absorb nutrients through the gastrointestinal tract.

Clear Liquid Diet

A non-residue diet consisting of transparent liquids (e.g., clear broth, plain tea) used post-operatively or prior to diagnostic procedures like renal ultrasounds.

Full Liquid Diet

The first progressive diet following a clear liquid diet, comprising smooth liquids or foods that liquefy at body temperature (e.g., milk, ice cream, yogurt), served in 6 or more feedings daily.

Fecal Fat Test

A diagnostic test evaluating fat malabsorption disorders (e.g., Crohn's disease, pancreatitis, celiac disease) requiring ingestion of $100\text{ g}$ of dietary fat daily for 3 days before stool collection.

One-Step OGTT Protocol

A diagnostic protocol for gestational diabetes involving an 8-hour fast, followed by a $75\text{ g}$ oral glucose load and two blood extractions at 1-hour intervals.

Ulcerative Colitis Diet Therapy

A therapeutic dietary regimen high in protein, high in calories ($2500\text{--}3000\text{ kcal}$), rich in vitamins and minerals, and low in residue to restore weight and minimize bowel distress.

Lactose Intolerance Pathophysiology

A condition where undigested lactose remaining in the small intestine undergoes bacterial fermentation, leading to abdominal cramps, gas, and severe diarrhea.

Atherosclerosis Dietary Guidance

Nutritional management of arterial hardening emphasizing a low-fat diet with strict restriction of high-cholesterol items like shrimp to occasional intake.

CHF Mild Sodium Restriction

A daily dietary sodium limitation of $2\text{--}3\text{ g}$ recommended for patients with mild congestive heart failure to manage fluid retention.