PRACTICAL #2- UPPER LIMBS

Trapezius

Origin: occipital bone, spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae (C7-T12)
Insertion: Acromion, spine of scapula, clavicle

Action: Stabilize, elevate, and, retract scapula
Nerve: Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

Rhomboids: R. Major & R. Minor

Origin: Spinous processes of Thoracic vertebrae: Minor: C7-T1 Major: T2-T5
Insertion: Medial border of scapula
Action: Stabilize, elevate, and retract scapula

Pectoralis minor

Origin: Ribs (3-5)
Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula

Action: Scapular depression and protraction

Serratus anterior

Origin: Ribs (1-8)

Insertion: Medial border of scapula

Action: Scapular protraction

Levator scapulae

Origin: Transverse processes of Cervical Vertebrae (C1-C4)
Insertion: Medial border of scapula (superior to spine)

Action: Scapular elevation

Deltoid

Origin: Clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action:Shoulder ABDuction
Nerve: Axillary Nerve (of Brachial Plexus)

Latissimus dorsi

Origin: Spinous processes of Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae (T7-L5), iliac crest
Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Action: Shoulder Extension, ADDuction, and medial rotation

Teres major

Origin: Inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus

Action: Shoulder Extension, ADDuction, and medial rotation

Pectoralis major

Origin: Clavicle, sternum
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Shoulder ADDuction, and medial rotation

Supraspinatus

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Shoulder ABDuction

Infraspinatus

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action:Lateral rotation of Shoulder

Teres minor

Origin: Lateral border of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Lateral rotation of Shoulder

Subscapularis

Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus

Action: Medial rotation of Shoulder

Coracobrachialis

Origin: Coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: Shaft of Humerus

Action: Shoulder flexion and ADDuction
Nerve: Musculocutaneous Nerve (of Brachial Plexus)

Brachialis (deep to biceps)

Origin: Distal Humerus
Insertion: Coronoid process of ulna

Action: Elbow flexion

Nerve: Musculocutaneous Nerve (of Brachial Plexus

Biceps brachii (2 heads)

Origin: Short head: coracoid process of scapula Long head: supraglenoid tubercle

Insertion: radial tuberosity of radius

Action: Elbow flexion and supination

Nerve: Musculocutaneous Nerve

Triceps brachii (3 Heads)

Origin: Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Lateral head: posterior shaft of humerus Medial head: distal shaft of humerus

Insertion: Olecranon of ulna

Action: Elbow Extension

Nerve: Radial Nerve

Brachioradialis

Origin: distal end of humerus
Insertion: Radial styloid process

Action: Elbow Flexion
Nerve: Radial Nerve

Pronator teres

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Midshaft of radius
Action: Forearm Pronation

Supinator

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Proximal shaft of radius
Action: Forearm supination

Flexors of the wrist and digits (anterior/ventral side of forearm)

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Action: Wrist & Digit Flexion

Nerve: median Nerve (of Brachial Plexus)

Extensors of the wrist and digits (posterior/dorsal side of forearm)

Origin:lateral epicondyle of humerus
Action: Wrist & Digit Extension

Nerve: Radial Nerve (of Brachial Plexus)