Chpt 8 - Joint Articulations

joint

meeting place between two bones

fibrous joints

held together by dense, fibrous tissue, don’t move much; found in sutures of skull, gomphosis, syndesmosis

synovial joints

held together by ligaments and separated by a fluid-filled cavity (ex: hinge joints of knee and elbow, ball-and-socket joints of hip and shoulder)

cartilaginous joints

held together by cartilage; synchrondoses, symphysis

Synarthosis joint

nonmoveable or almost no movement (ex: sutures, gomphoses, epiphyseal plate)

ampiarthrosis

move a bit (ex: symphysis, syndesmosis)

diarthrosis

moves freely (ex: synovial joint b/c under normal circumstances synovial joint moves freely)

syndesmosis

type of fibrous joint, between two bones, can resist tensile force, doesn’t move much or at all, found between ulna and radius, has interosseous membrane

gomphoses

don’t move much, filled with periodontal ligaments, found between teeth of the mandible and maxilla,

cartilagenous joints

synchodroses, symphyses,

Synchondroses

Cartilaginous joints in which the articulating bones are joined entirely by hyaline cartilage, typically functioning as immovable (synarthrotic) joints, such as epiphyseal growth plates and the first sternocostal joint.

Symphysis

A fibrocartilaginous joint where the opposing surfaces of two bones are firmly connected by a pad of fibrocartilage, permitting slight movement (amphiarthrosis). Examples include the connection between the pubic bones and the intervertebral discs.

joint cavity

filled with synovial fluid made up of protein, fat, fatty acids, and hyaluronic acid

joint capsule

surrounds cavity, made up of two layers

hyaluronic acid

lubricrant in synovial fluid that preserves articular cartilage

bursae

pockets of synovial membrane and fluid that extend from the joint; found in areas of friction

bursitis

inflamation of a bursa

articular disks

temporomandibular joint, sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular

tendon sheaths

synovial sacs that surrounds tendons as they pass near or over bone

plane joints

face joint, two flat surfaces that can move in any direction that it wants

saddle joints

shape in a saddle, multiaxial joint, found in carpometacarpal polliicis, sternoclavicular joint

hinge joint

think of how doors open, rare in body, one axis, one sagittal plane, found in humeroulnar joint

pivot joint

one point of bone that can cleanly spin, found on proximal radioulnar, C1 and C2

ball-and-socket joint

opening where ball can sit inside, multiaxial because it can move in any way it wants, glenohumeral joint, coxalfemoral joint/hip,

ellipsoid joint

two round surfaces sitting on top of each other, multiaxial, found in metacarpophalangeal joints