Nervous System Pt 2

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

hyperactivity, impulsiveness, & attention problems

inattentive type ADHD

difficulty focusing, sustaining attention, and following directions

hyperactive-impulsive type ADHD

excessive restlessness, fidgeting, impulsivity, and difficulty controlling actions

combined type ADHD

symptoms of both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive type ADHD

stimulants

increase attention and decrease impulsiveness and hyperactivity

what classification is methylphenidate (Concerta)

stimulant

what classification is dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)

stimulant

what classification is lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)

stimulant

methylphenidate brand name

concerta

dexmethylphenidate brand name

focalin

lisdexamfetamine brand name

vyvanse

amphetamine/dextroamphetamine brand name

adderall XR

what classification is amphetamine/dextroamphetamine (Adderall XR)

stimulant

what can amphetamine/dextroamphetamine (Adderall XR) treat

ADHD & narcolepsy

side effects of stimulants

fatal hyperthermia, seizures, arrhythmias, heart failure, paranoia, anger, headaches/dizziness, restlessness, & tremor

stimulant contraindications

glaucoma, HTN, CAD, & overactive thyroid

non-stimulants

used to manage ADHD

what classification is atomoxetine (Strattera)

non-stimulant

atomoxetine brand name

strattera

antiadrenergic agents

used to manage ADHD & HTN

what classification is clonidine (catapres)

antiadrenergic agent

clonidine brand name

catapres

epilepsy

chronic neurological disorder causing convulsions & seizuresse

seizures

irregular neural activities

convulsions

physical or muscular expressions from epilepsy caused by seizures

partial seizure

limited to one side of the brain

simple partial seizures

affect one region of the brain without loss of consciousness

complex partial seizures

affect one region of the brain and may cause loss of consciousness

generalized seizures

involve both sides of the brain

tonic-clonic seizure (grand-mal)

generalized seizure that is the most severe and involves the full brain

myoclonic

generalized seizure that involves the brief twitching of specific body parts or muscle groups

absence (petit mal)

generalized seizure that affects the whole brain and may cause the patient to blank out or stare into space

anticonvulsants

stabilize the electrical activity in the brain to prevent seizures

what classification is divalproex (depakote ER)

anticonvulsant

divalproex brand name

depakote ER

oxcarbazepine brand name

trileptal

what classification is oxcarbazepine (trileptal)

anticonvulsant

lamotrigine brand name

lamictal

what classification is lamotrigine (lamictal)

anticonvulsant

topiramate brand name

topamax

what classification is topiramate (topamax)

anticonvulsant

anti-epileptics

manage epilepsy by controlling seizures

what classification is levetiracetam (keppra)

anti-epileptic

levetiracetam brand name

keppra

pregabalin brand name

lyrica

what classification is pregabalin (Lyrica)

anti-epileptic

what classification is gabapentin (Neurontin)

anti-epileptic

gabapentin brand name

neurontin

parkinson’s disease

tremors, stiffness, and bradykinesia as dopamine-producing neurons begin to malfunction and die

dopamine agonists

mimic effects of natural dopamine and reduce physical symptoms of parkinson’s disease

what classification is ropinirole (requip)

dopamine agonist

ropinirole brand name

requip

what classification is pramipexole (mirapex)

dopamine agonist

pramipexole brand name

mirapex

levidopa

boost dopamine levels in the brain

carbidopa

often given with levodopa to prevent dopamine from converting outside of the brain & more dopamine reaches it instead

dementia

progressive cognitive decline

characteristics of dementia

memory loss, abstract thinking problems, disorientation, and confusion

alzheimer’s disease

primary form of dementia; progressive death of brain cells leading to severe cognitive decline

cholinesterase inhibitors

boosts acetylcholine levels to combat alzheimer’s

donepezil brand name

aricept

what classification is donepezil (aricept)

cholinesterase inhibitor

CNS agent

manage alzheimer’s symptoms

memantine brand name

namenda

what classification is memantine (Namenda)

CNS agent

migraines

recurring, intense pain on one side of the brain, displaying an “aura” in vision

causes for migraines

potential chemical or electrical abnormalities in parts of the brain affecting blood flow, leading to the swelling or dilation of blood vessels

what can trigger migraines

food, stress, or hormonal changes

triptan sulfa drugs

manage migraines by narrowing blood vessels and reducing inflammation

sumatriptan brand name

imitrex

what classification is sumatriptan (imitrex)

triptan sulfa drug

eletriptan brand name

relpax

what classification is eletripan (relax)

triptan sulfa drug

beta blockers

reduce intensity and frequency of migraines

acute cancer pain

sudden and severe

chronic cancer pain

persists beyond expected time period

breakthrough cancer pain

sudden flare-up

non-opioid analgesics

manage mild cancer pain

examples of non-opioid analgesics

acetaminophen & NSAIDs

opioids

used for moderate to severe cancer pain

oxycodone brand name

OxyContin

what classification is oxycodone (OxyContin)

opioid

narcotic analgesics

moderate to severe pain

what classification is tramadol (ultram)

narcotic analgesic

acetaminophen and codeine

moderate to severe pain

acetaminophen and codeine brand name

Tylenol with codeine

what classification is acetaminophen and codeine (Tylenol with codeine)

narcotic analgesic

hydrocodone and acetaminophen brand name

Vicodin/Norco

what classification is hydrocodone and acetaminophen (Vicodin/Norco)

narcotic analgesic

opioid agonist/antagonist combos

combat opioid/narcotic addictions

what classification is buprenorphine & naloxone (Suboxone)

opioid agonist/antagonist combo

buprenorphine & naloxone brand name

Suboxone

antihistamine

manage allergies and nausea

promethazine brand name

phenergan

what classification is promethazine (Phenergan)

antihistamine

smoking cessation agents

help individuals quit smoking

what classification is varenicline (chantix)

smoking cessation agent

varenicline brand name

chantix