respiratory system combine

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?,

Gas exchange between the body and the environment

What structures make up the upper respiratory tract?

,Nose nasal cavity paranasal sinuses and pharyn

What is the function of the nose and nasal cavity?

,To warm humidify and filter incoming air

What is the pharynx?,

,A passageway that carries air from the nasal cavity to the larynx

What is nasal septum?

, cartilage that splits into right and left sides.

What are nasal sinus?

, prdocues mucous

What is olfactory nerve?,

sense of smell

What is the function of the larynx?

,Contains the vocal cords and routes air into the trachea

What is the trachea?

,smooth muscles embedded with c-shaped rings of cartilage

What structures make up the lower respiratory tract?

bronchi bronchioles lungs

What are the primary bronchi?

,The two main branches of the trachea leading to each lung

What are bronchioles?,

Smaller branches of the bronchi that lead to alveoli

What organ contains the alveoli?

,The lungs

What are alveoli?,

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs

What are the pleura membranes?,

visceral parietal

What membrane covers the surface of the lungs?,

Visceral pleura

What membrane lines the thoracic cavity?

,Parietal pleura

What is the pleural cavity?,

The space between the visceral and parietal pleura

What is pulmonary respiration?

the process of gas exchange between the alveoli of the lungs and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries. Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the blood, while carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled.

What are the 4 stages of pulmonary respiration?,

• Pulmonary ventilation (breathing)

• External respiration

• Internal respiration

• Cellular respiration

What is pulmonary ventilation?

Movement of air into and out of the lungs (inhalation and exhalation)

What is external respiration?

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and pulmonary capillary blood

What is internal respiration?

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between systemic blood and body tissues

What is cellular respiration?

Cells use oxygen to produce energy (ATP) and release carbon dioxide as a waste product

adenoid/o

adenoid

alveo/o

alveolus/air sac

anthrac/o

Coal/coal dust

atel/o

Incomplete;imperfect

bronch/o

bronchus

bronchi/o

bronchi

bronchiol/o

bronchiole

coni/o

dust

epiglott/o

epiglottis

laryng/o

Larynx/voice box

lob/o

lobe

nas/o

nose

orth/o

straight

ox/o

oxygen - hypoxemia

ox/i

oxygen - oximeter

pector/o, steth/o, thorac/o

chest

pharyng/o

pharynx

phren/o

diaphragm

pleur/o

pleura

pneum/o

air;lung

pulmon/o

lung

sept/o

septum

sinus/o

sinus, cavity

spir/o

breathe

trache/o

trachea

tonsill/o

tonsils

-capnia

carbon dioxide

-ectasis

dilation

-osmia

smell

pnea

breathing

thorax

chest

expiration

breathing out

inspiration

breathing in

acidosis

excessive acidity in bodily fluids

epiglottis

seals off the air passageway to lungs when swallowing

hypoxemia

low in oxygen

asphyxia

deficient supply of oxygen to the body

epistaxis

nosebleed (epi- above;upone, stazo-drip)

phlegm

mucous made in your chest

sputum

phlegm that is coughed up

tracheostomy

surgical procedure to make an opening into the trachea

COPD

Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease

thoracentesis

surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity

Atelectasis

Collapsed or airless lung

Empyema

Pus in the pleural cavity

Rhonchus

Abnormal breath sound that sounds like snoring

Hypoxia

Deficiency of oxygen in the tissues

COVID-19

Highly contagious respiratory virus first identified in 2019

COPD

Group of respiratory disorders including chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Hypoxemia

Deficiency of oxygen in the blood

Cystic Fibrosis

Genetic disease causing thick, sticky mucus

Coryza

Acute inflammation of the nasal membranes; common cold

Emphysema

Disease characterized by decreased alveolar elasticity

Hemoptysis

Spitting or coughing up blood

Epistaxis

Nosebleed

Pulmonary Edema

Excess fluid in the lungs causing cough and shortness of breath

Pulmonary Embolism

Blockage of a pulmonary artery by a blood clot

Deviated Septum

Displacement of the cartilage dividing the nostrils

Pleurisy

Inflammation of the pleural membrane

OSA (Obstructive Sleep Apnea)

Sleep apnea caused by upper airway blockage

Consolidation

Loss of sponginess of the lungs due to engorgement

Pertussis

Whooping cough

Sputum Culture

Microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract.

Polysomnography

Test of sleep cycles and stages.

CXR (Chest X-ray)

Imaging procedure used to evaluate the lungs.

Antral Lavage

Washing or irrigating the sinuses.

Antihistamine

Relieves sneezing, runny nose, itching, and rashes.

Antitussive

Relieves or suppresses coughing.

Sweat Test

Diagnostic procedure used primarily in children to confirm cystic fibrosis.

Oximetry

Noninvasive test used to monitor oxygen saturation in hemoglobin.

Thoracentesis

Surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity.

Aerosol Therapy

Inhalation of medication directly into the respiratory system via a nebulizer.

Decongestant

Decreases mucous membrane swelling by constricting blood vessels.

Mantoux Test

Intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity.

BGs (Blood Gases)

Laboratory tests to assess gases and pH of arterial blood.

Expectorant

Reduces the viscosity of sputum to facilitate productive coughing.