Unit 1: Society, Community, and Education

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering sociological concepts, classical and modern philosophies of education, institutional roles, Education 4.0, and contemporary educational reforms.

Society

A group of people who share a social environment, institutions, relationships, norms, values, and systems of interaction.

Community

A group of people connected by shared location, identity, interests, experiences, relationships, or goals.

Education

The process through which individuals develop knowledge, skills, values, attitudes, competencies, and ways of participating in society.

Socialization

The process through which individuals learn the norms, values, behaviors, and expectations of society.

Social Interaction

The process through which people influence and respond to one another.

School Culture

The shared values, beliefs, norms, traditions, expectations, and practices within a school.

Idealism

A classical philosophy holding that ideas, reason, values, and the development of the mind are central to education.

Realism

A classical philosophy asserting that reality exists independently of individual thought and can be investigated through observation and evidence.

Existentialism

A philosophical perspective emphasizing that individuals have freedom, choice, personal responsibility, and the capacity to create their own meaning.

Pragmatism

A philosophical view holding that knowledge is fundamentally connected to experience, action, problem-solving, and practical consequences.

Perennialism

A modern philosophy asserting that education should focus on enduring ideas and universal knowledge that remain relevant across generations.

Progressivism

A modern philosophy advocating that education should be learner-centered, experiential, democratic, and connected to real-life problems.

Humanism

An educational philosophy centered on supporting the holistic development of the whole person across intellectual, emotional, social, moral, and personal dimensions.

Postmodernism

A philosophy that questions universal interpretations of knowledge and truth, focusing instead on multiple perspectives, language, power, identity, and representation.

Sociology of Education

A field that examines how education is connected to society, culture, social groups, institutions, inequality, power, and social change.

Consensus Theory

A sociological perspective emphasizing shared values, social order, integration, cooperation, and common goals in maintaining societal stability.

Structural Functionalism

A sociological perspective viewing society as an interconnected system whose component parts perform functions that contribute to the operation and balance of the whole.

Manifest Functions

The open, intended, and officially recognized functions or consequences of social institutions.

Latent Functions

The unintended, hidden, or unrecognized outcomes and consequences of social structures and practices.

Conflict Theory

A sociological perspective focusing on power dynamics, competition, resources, and the ways social structures can create or reproduce inequality.

Interactionist Theory

A sociological perspective that focuses on the micro-level dynamics of everyday interpersonal interactions and the subjective meanings people attach to them.

Labeling

The sociological process wherein terms or classifications applied to individuals shape how they are perceived by others and how they perceive themselves.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A phenomenon wherein an initial expectation or belief about an individual leads to behaviors and conditions that cause the expectation to become reality.

Social Institution

An established, organized social structure designed to fulfill critical societal needs, such as the family, education, religion, the economy, or the government.

Social Mobility

The movement of individuals or groups between different social or socioeconomic strata within a society.

Education 4.0

An educational approach aligned with the Fourth Industrial Revolution that responds to rapid advances in artificial intelligence, automation, robotics, big data, and digital connectivity.

K–12 System

A basic education structure comprising Kindergarten plus 12 years of schooling (Elementary, Junior High School, Senior High School) designed to enhance foundational skills and preparation for higher education, employment, and lifelong learning.

MATATAG Curriculum

A major Philippine basic education reform focused on decongesting curriculum content, strengthening foundational competencies, supporting teachers, and enhancing learning outcomes.

Digital Divide

The socioeconomic disparity in access to digital devices, stable internet connectivity, digital literacy skills, software tools, and technical support among learners.

Educational Reform

A planned, systemic modification of educational policies, curriculum, teaching practices, or governance intended to address societal changes and improve education.