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Carolus Linnaeus
Father of taxonomy
Augustine
Biblical interpretations can incorporate new scientific understandings
Nicolaus Steno
Fossils are living organisms (Megaladon)
Georges Cuvier
Father of palaeontology. - Extinction is possible - earth is old
James Hutton
Gradualism (small change in steps, not sudden)
Charles Lyell
Uniformitarianism (mechanism of change is constant over time)
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
Father of biology - species transmutation (use/disuse, and inherited characteristics)
Thomas Robert Malthus
Demography
Alfred Russel Wallace
Father of biogeology - collected specimens, and observed that different species are similar, individuals of the same species may vary, and species have distinct geographic ranges
Erns Mayr
Biological species concept (agroup of individual organisms that can actually or potentially interbreed in nature to produce viable, fertile offspring)