lecture 9: Genetic counseling an ART

What is the main goal of Non-directive Genetic counseling?

To provide complete, unbiased information so patients can make autonomous reproductive choices consistent with their own personal values.

How does the doctor’s responsibility differ in ART compared to standard genetic counseling?

In ART< doctors have a “duty or case” to the future child, giving them the right to refused transferring embryos carrying severe, life threatening mutations.

what is the difference between in Vitro Fertilization (VF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)?

IVF mixes eggs and sperm together in a lab dish, whereas ICSI manually injects a single sperm directly into an egg cell to overcome severe male infertility.

Why is Elective single embryo Transfer (eSET) strongly recommended in modern ART clinics?

It prevents multiple gestations (twins/ triplets), which represent the single highest health risk to both the mother and fetus in ART.

What is the key difference in purpose between PGD and PGS (PGT-A)?

PGD is for fertile couples at high risk of passing on a specific known disease. PGS is for infertile/ odor. couples to screen for random chromosome number errors(aneuplodidy).

What is PGD-HLA matching (a “saviors sibling”)?

Selecting an embryo that is free go a hereditary disease and is a tissue match to donate cord blood or stem cells to an existing sick sibling.

According to the American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG), when is a doctor allowed to breach patient confidentiality to want relatives?

Only under discretionary exceptional cases where the genetic condition is severe, foreseeable, identification, and medically preventable or treatable.

What is the landmark legal case often cited in “duty to warn” medical ethics discussions?

Tarasoff v. Regents of the university of California (1976)

What is “reproductive Tourism” (cross-border reproductive care)?

Patient traveling to another country with more liberal laws to access fertility treatments or embryo testing (like PGD) that are banned in their home country.