SPSS TERMINOLOGY

r =

direction + strength

p = ?

significance

r2

shared variance

Pearson correlation

Continuous + approximately linear + assumptions met

Spearman correlation

Ordinal/ranked OR Pearson assumptions not met

Null hypothesis

No significant correlation between X and Y

Alternative hypothesis

Significant correlation between X and Y

B

Change in outcome for a 1-unit change in predictor, in original units

β

Standardised change in outcome for a 1-SD change in predictor

Overall ANOVA

Is there a significant difference somewhere among the groups?

What does ANOVA NOT do?

Tell you which groups differ

What to do if ANOVA is significant?

Investigate with post-hocs

Test used for 1–2 comparisons

LSD

Test used for 3–5 comparisons

Bonferroni

Test used for 6+ comparisons

Tukey HSD

IV (independent variable)

the cause / what you’re trying to change

DV (dependent variable)

what’s being measured or affecting something

t-test notation

t(degrees of freedom) = value, p = value

ANOVA notation

F(df1​,df2​)=..., p=...

correlation notation

r(df)=..., p=...

regression notation

R2, F, p, B/β, t, p

Bonferroni correction

p must be divided by the number of comparisons - then test significance from there

(i.e. if there’s 5 comparisons - do 0.5/5)

X (with a line on top)

Sample mean

population mean

population standard deviation

sample size

Predictors are?

Independent

Outcomes are?

Independent