Lower extremity muscles

Tensor Fasciae Latae

O: anterior superior illiac spine and anterior part of iliac crest

I: iliotibial band
A: superior gluteal nerve

N: flexion, internal rotation, hip ABD

Rectus Femoris

O: anterior inferior iliac spine

I: patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament (tendon)

A: hip flexion, knee extension

N: femoral nerve

Sartorius

O: anterior superior iliac spine

I: pes anserine of tibia

A: femoral nerve

N: hip ABD, external rotation, flexion, knee extension

Iliacus

O: iliac fossa

I: lesser trochanter of femur

A: femoral nerve

N: hip flexion

Psoas major

O: transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae (T12-L5)

I: lesser trochanter
A: hip flexion

N: anterior rami of L1-L4

Pectineus

O: superior ramus of pubis

I: pectineal line of femur
A: hip ADD, flexion

N: femoral nerve

Biceps Femoris

O:

• Short head: linea aspera & lateral surpacondylar line of femur

• Long head: ischial tuberosity

I: fibuar head
A: knee flexion, hip extension

N: sciatic nerve

Semimembranosus

O: ischial tuberosity

I: posterior part of medial condyle of tibia
A: knee flexion, hip extension

N: sciatic nerve

Semitendinosus

O: ischial tuberosity

I: pes anserine
A: knee flexion, hip extension

N: sciatic nerve

Adductor brevis

O: body and inferior pubic ramus

I: pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur
A: ADD thigh, weak hip flexor

N: obturator

Adductor longus
O: body of pubis, inferior to pubic crest

I: middle third linea aspera of femur
A: ADD thigh

N: obturator

Adductor Magnus

O:

• ADD part: inferior pubic ramus/ramus of ischium

• Hamstring part: ischial tuberosity

I:

• ADD part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, supracondylar line

• Hamstring part: ADD tubercle of femur

A: Hip ADD and hip extension

N:

• ADD part: obturator

• Hamstring part: tibial

Gracilis

O: body and inferior ramus of pubis

I: pes anserine
A: hip ADD, knee flexion

N: obturator nerve

Gluteus Maximus

O: ilium, dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

I: iliotibial band, gluteal tuberosity
A: hip extension, external rotation, ABD

N: inferior gluteal nerve

Gluteus Medius

O: lateral surface of ilium

I: greater trochanter
A: Hip ABD, internal rotation

N: superior gluteal nerve

Gluteus minimus

O: lateral surface of ilium

I: greater trochanter
A: hip ABD, internal rotation

N: superior gluteal nerve

Piriformis

O: anterior sacrum
I: greater trochanter
A: hip external rotation

N: to piriformis

Superior Gemellus

O: ischial spine
I: greater trochanter
A: hip external rotation
N: nerve to obturator internus muscle

Inferior Gemellus

O: ischial tuberosity
I: greater trochanter
A: hip external rotation
N: nerve to quadratus femoris

Obturator Internus

O: pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone
I: greater trochanter
A: hip external rotation
N: nerve of obturator internus

Obturator externus

O: obturator foramen and obturator membrane
I: trochanteric fossa
A: hip external rotation
N: obturator nerve

Quadratus femoris

O: ischial tuberosity
I: quadrate tubercle
A: hip external rotation
N: nerve to quadratus femoris (L5-S1)

Pes anserine attachments

Gracilis, semitendinosus, sartorius

Vasutus Medialis

O: intertrochanteric line/line aspera

I: patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
A: knee extension

N: femoral nerve

Vastus intermedius

O: anterior lateral femur body

I: patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
A: knee extension

N: femoral nerve

Vastus lateralis

O: greater trochanter

I: patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
A: knee extension

N: femoral nerve

Popliteus

O: popliteus groove

I: posterior tibia

A: internally rotates the leg at the knee joint; unlocks the knee joint at the beginning of flexion

N: tibial N

Plantaris (note tendon runs under gastro., above soleus)

O: lateral supracondylar femur
I: calcaneus
A: knee flexion, plantarlfexion
N: tibial

Gastrocnemius

O: lat and medial femoral condyles

I: posterior calcaneus via calcanus tendon

A: knee flexion, plantarflexes foot at ankle

N: tibial N

Soleus (deep to Gastrocnemius)

O: head/posterior fibula, medial tibia

I: posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

A: plantarflexes the foot at the ankle joint

N: tibial

Fibularis longus

O: head and lateral fibula

I: plantar surface of medial cuniform bone and base of first metatarsal bone

A: assists in plantarflexion of foot at ankle joint

• everts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joint?

N: superficial fibular N

Fibularis Brevis

O: lateral fibula
I: tuberosity 5th metatarsal
A: everts foot, assists in plantar flexion
N: superficial nerve

Tibialis anterior

O: lateral condyle of tibia
I: medial cuniform bone and base of first metatarsal
A: dorsiflexes foot at ankle, inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints
N: deep fibular N

Extensor digitorum longus

O: lateral condyle of tibia AND proximal fibula
I: middle&distal phalange 2-lil toe
A: dorsiflexes foot, extends digits 2-lil toe
N: deep fibular

Extensor hallucis longus

O: medial (shaft of) fibula
I: dorsal distal phalanx of great toe
A: dorsiflexion and extends big toe
N: deep fibular

Flexor hallucis longus

O: distal fibula
I: distal phalanx of great toe
A: flexes great toe, planter flexes food
N: tibial

Tibialis posterior

O: posterior tibia and fibula
I: navicular, cuniform bones, 2-4 metatarsal
A: plantarflexes and inverts
N: tibial N

Flexor digitorum longus

O: posterior tibia
I: distal phalanges of second - lil toe
A: flexes 2-lil toes, plantar flexes
N: tibial N

Fibularis tertius

O: medial distal fibula
I: dorsal base of fifth metatarsal
A: eversion, dorsiflexion
N: deep fib