TWA Flight Center, John F. Kennedey International Airport, New York, New York

How did abstract painting thematize flight and speed?

Using fragmented perspectives

Who made JFK International Airport?

Eero Sarrinen

When was the JFK International Airport made?

1959-62

What was the original name for the JFK International Airport?

Idlewild Airport

Where is JFK International Airport?

Queens, New York

What was considered the purpose of airports?

To shield passengers from the elements while they checked into and waited for their flight

Air travel came to be seen as luxurious and sophisticated in the…

1950s

What does the TWA in Trans World Flight Center stand for?

Trans World Airlines

When was Idlewild renamed John F. Kennedy Airport?

1963

Who produced the first “star'“ airline terminal?

Eero Saarinen

What was the goal of “starchitects”?

Wedding function to groundbreaking visual and aesthetic experiences

When and where was Saarinen born?

A suburb in Helinski, Finland, in 1910

What is special about Saarinen’s birthplace, Hvittrask?

It was designed by 3 leading architects: Herman Gesellius, Armas Lindgren, and Eliel Saarinen

Hvittrask was built in what style?

Romantic nationalist

What did the romantic nationalist style use?

Traditional building materials and references to Viking, prehistoric, and medieval Scandanavian forms

What was one of Eliel Saarinen’s most important buildings?

The central train station in Helinski (1919)

When did the Saarinens move to Michigan, USA?

When Eero was 13

After arriving in Michigan, Eliel took up a job as….

The director of the Cranbrook Academy of Art

Cranbrook’s curriculum focused on…

Architecture and the applied arts (furniture, textiles, and industrial design)

Saarinen’s primary architectural education took place at…

Yale and Paris

When did Saarinen graduate?

1934

Saarinen spent __ years travelling after graduating

2

When did Saarinen win the competition for Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Museum, St. Louis, Missouri?

1948

How tall is the gateway arch?

630 feet

What elements are most common to Saarinen’s practice?

Using modern materials in an innovative way, using organic lines and shapes, and using expressive form to communicate

What are Saarinen’s other noteworthy designs?

The Washington Dulles International Airport, the Kresge Auditorium at MIT, two American embassies, and many home and office furnitures

When did Saarinen pass?

1961

What color are the carpets at TWA?

TWA red

How many original departure gates were there?

17

Who was the TWA president?

Ralph Damon

What materials did Eliel Saarinen commonly use?

Stone and timber

What is the primary material of TWA?

Concrete over metal mesh

The shell roof of TWA is only ______ inches thick in some places

7

Instead of ribs, Saarinen supported the roof intersections with…

Glass skylights

Why did Saarinen use organic forms?

He believed they were more welcomeing, visually interesting, and psychologically nurturing

What modernist made glass and steel skyscrapers

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

When was TWA formed?

1930

What was the most popular client of TWA in the 30s?

USPS

Who guided TWA after WWII into a luxury airline?

The aviator Howard Hughes

Before TWA bought the Paris-NY airline route, what was the only airline offering international travel?

Pan American Airwayss

Stressing comfort, safety, and convenience, TWA and Pan Am _____ their business in 5 years

Tripled

Between 1945-50, how did annual air passenger numbers change?

6 million to 17 million

From 1945-50, TWA increased its market share to…

25%

When was the first year more Americans travelling internationally went by plane than boat?

1959

Aside from TWA, what other corporate clients did Saarinen have?

Campuses and HQs for Bell, General Motors, and John Deere

When did TWA go out of business?

2001

When was TWA JFK reopened?

2019

TWA JFK was restored as…

A hotel complex attached to JFK’s Terminal 5