Comparison of Tokugawa Shogunate, Mughal Empire, and Ottoman Empire

Vocabulary terms and definitions covering the key leaders, religions, political systems, and historical significance of the Tokugawa Shogunate, Mughal Empire, and Ottoman Empire.

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Leader who began the Tokugawa dynasty in Japan, which lasted for over 250 years.

Babur

The founder of the Mughal Empire in South Asia.

Akbar the Great

Grandson of Babur who expanded the Mughal Empire and promoted religious toleration, abolishing the Jizya tax and allowing Hindus into high government and military positions.

Aurangzeb

Mughal ruler who imposed Islamic law and brought back the Jizya Tax.

Shah Jahan

Mughal emperor who built the Taj Mahal.

Mehmed II

Leader who guided the Ottomans to conquer Constantinople, helped make the empire powerful, and increased the number of traders and artisans.

Suleiman the Magnificent

Ruler who presided over the Ottoman Golden Age, improved the system based on Sharia Law, fought 3 wars with Persia, built a strong navy, and relied on advisors.

Shintoism

The native religion of Japan whose beliefs were shaped by frequent natural disasters.

Code of Bushido

The traditional warrior code observed in Tokugawa Japan's feudal society.

Isolationism

A period characterized by limited points of contact with outsiders for trade, during which people could be executed for communicating or trading with outsiders.

Homogenous

Tōkaidō Road System

A major travel and transportation network that helped unify Japan during the Tokugawa Shogunate.

Shogun

The supreme military commander who held real executive power in Tokugawa Japan, rather than the emperor.

Jizya Tax

A tax levied on non-Muslim subjects that was abolished during Akbar's reign and later reinstated by Aurangzeb.

Mansabdar System

A Mughal administrative and military framework used to generate land revenue and control the empire.

Millet System

An Ottoman administrative arrangement that granted religious communities autonomy and toleration, allowing non-Muslims to practice their faith upon paying a tax.

Janissaries

Elite Ottoman soldiers who were taken as poor Christian boys from their families, converted to Islam, and specially trained.

Sinai Peninsula

A strategic geographic zone controlled by the Ottoman Empire that connects Africa to Asia.

Centralized Feudalism

The political structure of the Tokugawa Shogunate, similar to European feudalism, in which power was consolidated under the Shogun.