nucleotides and nucleic acids

draw and label a nucleotide

describe the whole process of how a protein is formed

• TRANSCRIPTION

• The DNA double helix separates/unwinds/unravels in the nucleus to expose the specific gene needed for the protein.

• An mRNA (messenger RNA) copy of the gene is synthesized using the DNA strand as a template.

• The gene coding for the specific protein is transcribed into mRNA.

• During transcription, uracil (U) is used instead of thymine (T) to pair with adenine.

• The completed mRNA molecule leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore and enters the cytoplasm to find a ribosome.

• TRANSLATION

• The mRNA attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm.

• Carrier molecules called tRNA (transfer RNA) bring specific amino acids to the codon bases on the mRNA.

• Each tRNA features a specific anticodon that is complementary to the mRNA codon.

• A particular amino acid is bound to each specific tRNA molecule.

• POLYPEPTIDE AND PROTEIN FORMATION

• As the ribosome translates the mRNA code, neighboring amino acids brought by the tRNA molecules join together.

• The linked amino acids form a long chain known as a polypeptide chain

• Finally, the polypeptide chain folds into a unique, functional 3D shape to form a protein

which is the monomer and which is the polymer between nucleotide and nucleic acids?

Nucleotide = monomer

nucleic acid = polymer

describe the structure of DNA

• The bases are joined together by hydrogen bonds

• Bases: adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine

• nucleotide made up of nitrogen bases, deoxyribose sugar and phosphate.

• polymer made up of repeating units of nucelotides.

• Complimentary base pairing (A-T, C-G)

• doube helix (2 strand)

DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE OF RNA NUCLEOTIDE

1 strand

Bases: adenine, uracil, guanine and cytosine

• nucleotide made up of nitrogen bases, ribose sugar and phosphate.

Complimentary base pairing (A-U, C-G)

The bases are joined together by hydrogen bonds

Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U) via two hydrogen bonds

Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C) via three hydrogen bonds

what is the difference between rna nucleotide and dna nucleotide

dna nucleotide - has thymine and it forms a double helix

rna nucleotide - has uracil and forms 1 strand

full meaning of dna and rna

DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid

RNA = ribonucleic acid

describe the function, size, location in cell, quantity in cell and chemical stability

of

• dna

• rna

DNA

• Stores genetic information

• Larger- more nucleotides

• found in Nucleus

• Remains a constant quantity in the cell

• it is Chemically stable

RNA

• Transfers genetic information to ribosomes

• Smaller-fewer nucleotides

• Nucleus, cytoplasm (including ribosomes)

• Quantity in the cell varies

• not as chemically stable as DNA

describe purines

contains 2 carbon- nitrogen rings (Adenine and Guanine)

describe Pyrimidine

contains 1 carbon- nitrogen ring (Thymine, Cytosine and Uracil)