Arthrology

arthrology

study of joints, or articulations, between bones

two ways joints can be classified

functional and structural

three subdivision used in the functional classification of joints

synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarhtroses

which subdivision is for joints that are immovable

synarthroses

which subdivision of functional classification is for joints that are slightly movable

amphiarthroses

which subdivision is for joints that are freely movable

diarthroses

functional classification is based on ___ of a joint

mobility

3 groups of structural classification

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

structural classificaition of a joint is based on___

connective tissue

if a joint does not have a joint cavity it will be classified as ___ or ___

fibrous or cartilaginous

this structural classification of a join is united by fibrous and connective tissues and ligaments

fibrous joint

what are the strongest joints in the body?

fibrous joint

3 types of fibrous joints

syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis

this type of fibrous joint is immovable/slightly movable; united by fibrous sheets

syndesmosis

this type of fibrous joint is immovable and only found in the skull

suture

this type of fibrous joint is immovable and only found in the roots of teeth

gomphosis

this structural classification joint is virtually immovable

cartilaginous

two types of cartilaginous joints

symphysis and synchondrosis

this type of cartilaginous joint is slightly movable and separated by a pad of fibrocartilage

symphysis

this type of cartilaginous joint is immovable and united by rigid cartilage

synchondrosis

this structural classification of a joint permits wide range of motion; freely movable

synovial

synovial joints are enclosed by ____ capsule

articular

6 types of synovial joint

gliding, hinge, pivot, ellipsoid, saddle, ball and socket

this type of synovial joint is the simplest of the 6

gliding joint

this type of synovial joint permits flexion and extension only

hinge joint

this type of synovial joint allows rotation around a single axis

pivot joint

this type of synovial joint allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction

ellipsoid joint

this type of synovial joint allows movement similar to ellipsoid but it’s articular surface is shaped differently

saddle joint

this type of synovial joint permits the widest range of motion

ball and socket joint

this feature extends beyond out from the main body of a bone

processes or projections

depressions

hollow areas of a bone

fractures

break in a bone

this type of process is rounded at an articular end

condyle

this type process is beak-like or crownlike

coracoid or coronoid

this type process is ridgelike

crest

this type of projection is above a condyle

epicondyle

this type of process has small, smooth-surfaced articular

facet

this type of process is hook-shaped

hamulus

this type of projection is the expanded end of a long bone

head

this type of process is hornlike

horn

line

linear elevation; not as prominent as a crest

this type of process is club-shaped

malleolus

protuberance

projecting prominence

this type of process is sharp

spone

this type of process is long and pointed

styloid

Tronchanter

either of the two large, rounded, and elevated processes of the proximal femur

this type of process is small, rounded, and elevated

tubercle

this type of process is large, rounded, and elevated

tuberosity

8 types of depressions of the bone

fissure, foramen, fossa, groove, meatus, notch, sinus, sulcus

this type of depression is a cleft or deep groove

fissure

this type of depression is a hole in a bone for transmission of vessles and nerves

foramen

this type of depression is a pit, fovea, or hollow space

fossa

this type of depression is a shallow linear channel

groove

this type of depression is a tubelike passageway

meatus

this type of depression is an indentation in the border of a bone

notch

this type of depression is a recess, groove, cavity, or hollow space

sinus

this type of depression is a furrow or trench

sulcus

4 categories of a bone fracture

closed, open, nondisplaced, and displaced

what type of fracture is this a picture of?

compression

what type of fraction is this a picture of?

open/compound

what type of fracture is this a picture of?

simple

what type of fracture is this a picture of?

greenstick

what type of fracture is this a picture of?

transverse

what type of fracture is this a picture of?

sprial/oblique

what type of fracture is this a picture of?

comminuted

what type of fracture is this a picture of?

impacted

many fractures fall into _____ category

more than one