Term 6 Abd review

Hepatization of the gallbladder happens when the gallbladder:

fills with sludge

A 71 year old patient presents to the ED with painless jaundice and an enlarged, palpable gallbladder. These findings are highly suspicious for:

courvoisier gallbladder

The innermost layer of the gallbladder wall is the:

mucosal layer

The cystic artery is most often a direct branch of the:

right hepatic artery

The middle layer of the gallbladder is:

fibromuscular layer

Which structure is a useful landmark for identifying the gallbladder?

main lobar fissure

Which of the following would be least likely to cause focal gallbladder wall thickening?

ascites

What hormone causes the gallbladder to contract?

cholecystokinin

The gallbladder wall should measure no more than:

3mm

Which of the following is associated with cholelithiasis and is characteristically found in people with African descent?

sickle cell disease

The direct blood supply to the gallbladder is the:

cystic artery

The outermost layer of the gallbladder wall is the:

serosal layer

What part of the gallbladder is involved in Hartmann Pouch?

neck

The gallbladder is connected to the biliary tree by the:

cystic duct

At which level of the gallbladder is the junctional fold found:

neck

Empyema of the gallbladder is:

gallbladder completely filled with pus

What is cholelithiasis?

gallstones

The most common variant of the gallbladder shape is the:

phrygian cap

The diameter of the gallbladder should not exceed:

5cm

Acute cholecystitis that leads to necrosis and abscess development within the gallbladder wall describes:

gangrenous cholecystitis

All of the following are sources of diffuse gallbladder wall thickening except:

gallbladder polyp

Which statement is not true of cholelithiasis:

men have an increased likelihood of developing cholelithiasis

WES sign denotes:

a gallbladder filled with cholelithiasis

Which of the following is the most likely clinical finding of adenomyomatosis?

asymptomatic

Tumefactive sludge can resemble the sonographic appearance of:

gallbladder carcinoma

The champagne sign is associated with:

emphysematous cholecystitis

The sequela of acute cholecystitis that is complicated by gas within the gallbladder wall is:

emphysematous cholecystitis

A 32 year old female patient presents to the sonography department with vague abdominal pain. The sonographic investigation of the gallbladder reveals a focal area of the gallbladder wall thickening that produces comet tail artifact. These findings are consistent with:

adenomyomatosis

Which of the following would be the least likely finding of acalculus cholecystitis?

cholelithiasis

Intermittent obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstone results in:

chronic cholecystitis

Which of the following is not a risk factor for the development of gallstones:

phrygian cap

A nonmobile, nonshadowing focus is seen within the gallbladder lumen. This most likely represents:

gallbladder polyp

Focal tenderness over the gallbladder with probe pressure describes:

murphy sign

Diabetic patients suffering from acute cholecystitis have an increased risk for developing:

emphysematous cholecystitis

Cholesterol crystals within the Rokitanski-Aschoff sinuses are found with:

adenomyomatosis

The spiral valves of Heister are found within the:

cystic duct

With which of the following is Courvoisier gallbladder associated:

pancreatic head mass

Calcifications of the gallbladder wall is termed:

porcelain gallbladder

Which of the following would not be a lab result used for diagnosing gallbladder disease?

alpha-fetoprotein

The diffuse polypoid appearance of the gallbladder referred to as strawberry gallbladder is seen with:

cholesterolosis

What would a circular anechoic vascular structure posterior to the IVC in a sagittal plane:

right renal artery

A disorder of the connective tissue characterized by tall stature and mitral valve insufficiency is:

marfan syndrome

The inner wall layer of a vessel, closest to the passing blood, is the:

tunica intima

What vessel can be often noted coursing between the SMA and the abdominal aorta in the transverse plane?

left renal vein

The first main visceral branch of the abdominal aorta is:

celiac artery

An aneurysm associated with infection is termed:

mycotic

Which of the following is not true about the abdominal aorta?

the proximal aorta is situated more anterior than the distal aorta

All of the following are branches of the celiac axis except:

right gastric artery

The outer wall layer of a vessel is:

tunica adventitia

What should the postprandial flow pattern be within the SMA?

low resistance

The second main branch of the abdominal aorta is:

SMA

Which of the following vessels show a different flow pattern after eating:

SMA

Which of the following vessels would most likely yield a high resistance flow pattern?

fasting SMA

What flow pattern would the postprandial SMA yield in small bowel ischemia?

high resistance

An AAA is present when the diameter of the abdominal aorta exceeds:

3cm

Occlusion of the hepatic veins describes:

Budd-Chiari syndrome

The most common shape of AAA:

fusiform

What branch and its tributaries of the abdominal aorta appears as a seagull sign in transverse?

celiac artery

Which vascular structure may be confused for the main pancreatic duct:

splenic artery

The IVC terminates at the:

right atrium

A patient presents with an explained abdominal pain for a vascular assessment of the SMA. What do you think this is from?

small bowel ischemia

The main portal vein is created by the confluence of:

splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

The veins seen attaching to the IVC just below the diaphragm are the:

hepatic veins

Which of the following is not true about the IVC?

the IVC is located to the left of the abdominal aorta

Which of the following is not true about the abdominal aorta?

most aneurysms are false aneurysms

The diameter of the IVC should never exceed:

2.5cm

Which of the following would have a pulsatile triphasic blood flow pattern?

hepatic veins

Enlargement of the IVC and then hepatic vein dilation is most likely seen:

right sided heart failure

Which vessel would be the shortest in length?

right renal vein

What vessel travels directly anterior to the left renal artery?

left renal vein

A patient has Marfan disease. During the aorta ultrasound you see a linear echogenic line within the lumen that extends the length of the artery. There is color doppler on both sides of the echogenic line. The patient has had no surgeries including AAA. What do you think this is?

intimal flap

What abnormality would the failure from EVAR to isolate an aneurysm from circulation most likely result in?

endoleak

The aorta originates at the:

left ventricle

Which of the following is not a section of the IVC?

pancreatic

The hepatic artery should demonstrate:

low resistance

Clinical findings of AAA include all of the following except:

elevated hematocrit

An outpatient with chronic back pain and hypertension presents to ultrasound for an aorta study. On ultrasound, you see a 6cm infrarenal aneurysm with an echogenic linear structure slightly swaying in the lumen. What do you think you are looking at?

aortic dissection

The left gonadal vein drains directly into the:

left renal vein

Which of the following would most likely yield a high resistance flow pattern:

common iliac artery

What vessel may attach to the splenic vein before reaching the portal confluence?

inferior mesenteric vein

A patient presents to the department with bilious vomiting. While investigating the pediatric patient for pyloric stenosis, you see that while the pyloric sphincter appears normal, the SMA is abnormally located to the right of the SMV. What is the most likely diagnosis?

midgut malrotation

What anatomic structure may be noted as a bulls-eye structure anterior to the abdominal aorta and posterior to the left lobe of the liver in the sagittal plane?

gastroesophageal junction

Which of the following is not a layer of gut identified with sonography?

visceral

All of the following are true of normal intestinal findings with sonography except:

normal bowel does not compress

Upon sonographic evaluation of the right lower quadrant in a patient complaining of focal abdominal pain in that area, you visualize a hyperemic blind-ended, tubular structure that contains a shadowing focus. What is the most likely etiology of the shadowing focus?

appendicolith

All of the following are sonographic criteria in the diagnosis of pyloric stenosis except:

wall of the pylorus is focally thinned

All of the following are sonographic findings of acute appendicitis except:

compressible, blind ended tube

Clinical findings of acute appendicitis include all of the following except:

constipation

All of the following are common clinical findings in infants who present with pyloric stenosis except:

first born female

Pseudomyxoma peritoneal can result from:

appendix cancer

A patient presents with a painful, superficial abdominal mass located within a prior cesarean scar. What clinical feature would be most consistent with scar endometriosis?

cyclical pain

What abnormality associates red currant jelly stools?

intussusception

Other abnormalities that can present much like pyloric stenosis include all of the following except:

intussusception

Which of the following would be the most likely clinical feature of colitis?

watery diarrhea

Gastric cancer is most often in the form of:

adenocarcinoma

Pediatric patients could suffer from bowel obstructions that are caused by a buildup of ingested hair. The mass associated with this type of obstruction is termed a:

trichobezoar

An autoimmune disease characterized by periods of inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract describes:

crohn disease

The telescoping of one segment of bowel into another is referred to as:

intussusception

Which of the following types of obstruction refers to the bowel being physically blocked by something?

mechanical

Which of the following would be useful to employ during a sonographic evaluation of a suspected abdominal wall hernia?

valsalva