**Chapters 4–5: Motor Development and Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage

Q73-83 (11 total)

73. What is locomotion?

A. The ability to move from one place to another, such as crawling or walking.

74. What can change as infants begin crawling and walking?

A. Their opportunities to explore objects, interact with people, and encounter new experiences.

75. Why can locomotor development vary across cultures?

A. Cultural caregiving practices and opportunities for movement can influence how infants practice and develop motor skills.

76. What did the classic visual cliff experiment investigate?

B. Whether infants perceived apparent depth and how they responded to a visual drop-off.

77. What is one important modern interpretation of infants' responses to the visual cliff?

B. Responses may reflect locomotor experience, perceived risk, and cues from caregivers, not simply an inborn fear of heights.

78. What is the A-not-B error?

B. Infants repeatedly search for an object at a previously successful location even after seeing it moved to a new location.

79. According to Piaget, when did infants develop object permanence?

B. Primarily during the sensorimotor stage, with a major milestone around 8–12 months.

80. What is object permanence?

A. Understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not directly perceived.

81. What did later research using looking-time and violation-of-expectation methods suggest about object permanence?

B. Some infants show expectations about hidden objects earlier than Piaget's original search-based tasks suggested.

82. What is a major critique of Piaget's conclusions about infant cognition?

B. Performance may reflect task demands, motor limitations, memory, or attention as well as underlying understanding.

83. What does a violation-of-expectation study typically measure?

B. Whether infants look longer at an event that conflicts with their apparent expectations.