Edexcel History: Rebellion and Disorder under the Tudors: HVIII

Early church relations with HVIII

Devoted catholic, wrote Assertio Septum Sacromentomum, could appoint who he wanted

Cromwell's position?

1535, became Vicegerent in Spirituals

Bishops?

New bishops appointed who share Henry VIII's views

Royal Letters?

1535: sent to bishops and nobility ordering them to imprison clergymen who preached in Pope's favour

New Doctrine?

1536: Act of 10 Articles

1536: Issued set of injunctions which attacked catholic practices e.g pilgrimage

Treason?

1534 Treason Act: prosecute those who refused to take oath, some executed e.g John Fisher

Monasteries: Support?

Important centre for education, provided support for poor and sick, were local employers and landlords

How many religious houses?

900 and 12,000 in religious orders 1930s

How did the dissolution process begin?

1535 Valor Ecclesiasticus: surveyed church and revealed wealth

How much did dissolution raise?

£1.3m 1936-7

Why were communities worried?

Worried local parish churches under threat e.g in Louth, had just spent money on new spire

Pilgrimage of Grace: Religious causes?

Dissolution of monasteries, scared of reformist action, "pilgrimage" suggests religious motivation, carried banner showing 5 wounds of Christ

Pilgrimage of Grace: Social and Economic causes?

North suffering hardship especially after 1534 subsidy, poor harvests in north, entry fines increasing, enclosure

Pilgrimage of Grace: Gentry?

Members of gentry joined e.g Thomas Percy, Lord Darcy, catholic sympathies of nobilities explains demands of rebels e.g repeal Act of Supremacy 1534

Pilgrimage of Grace: Role of Northumberland

Surrendered Wressie Castle to rebels, in contact with Eustace Chapuys

Act of Uses

1535, Henry VIII had right over lands when held by a minor, restricted effeoffment of lands

Lincolnshire Rising: Bishop of Lincoln?

Officer arrived at Louth to do visitation, paranoia grew, armed men surrounded church treasure at night

Lincolnshire Rising: Capture?

Men marched to Legbourne Nunnery and captured commissioners

Lincolnshire Rising: Crowd?

3,000 people met at Louth and commissioners forced to flee, spread to Horncastle and Calster

Lincolnshire Rising: Lincoln?

10,000 men marched to Lincoln, local nobility e.g Hussey fled but didn't stop rebellion

Lincolnshire Rising: King's Army?

Led by Suffolk, gentry didn't fight and asked Suffolk for pardon, angered commons but they disbanded

Lincolnshire Rising: Significant threat?

numbers and speed, church support, local gentry disobeyed king, strong organisation

Lincolnshire Rising: Limited threat?

Gentry leadership wavered, put down in 8 days, nobles remained loyal, treason threats and loyalty to HVIII

PoG: When did it begin?

10/10/1536 in East Riding, Yorkshire

PoG: Support?

10,000 men and took over York by 16/10

PoG: Proclamations?

Aske issued proclamation of rebels peaceful intentions

PoG: Captures?

19/10: captured port of Hull and Pontefract Castle, Lord Darcy joined rebel army

PoG: Spread?

11/10: North Riding joined with gentry support e.g Lord Latimer and Robert Bowes, captured Barnard Castle then met Aske's rebels in York

PoG: Size?

9 rebel hosts all under leadership of Aske, 30,000 men, well trained fighters

PoG: Henry VIII's army?

Overstretched, Suffolk still in Lincoln, HVIII sent home 2nd army, most Yorkshire gentry joined rebellion

PoG: Norfolk?

23/10: marched with 8,000 men, outnumbered so had to negotiate

PoG: Pontefract Castle

27/10: Had meeting where 5 articles produced and sent to King, Henry VIII responded angrily

PoG: Doncaster?

06/12: 2nd meeting between Norfolk and Rebels, rebels granted pardon and promised Parliament in North

Bigod's Rising

1537, distrust that HVIII was going to deliver on aims, failed to get support, Bigod captured

PoG: Suppression?

144 gentry rebels executed e.g Hussey, all Carlisle rebels killed

PoG: Role of Henry VIII

Originally made no concessions to demands, no promise of compromise strengthened rebellion, offered negotiation with no mention to articles, promises vague and nothing put in writing

PoG: Role of Thomas Cromwell

Reformist views made him target of rebels, used rebellion to pruge rival claimants to throne

PoG: Role of Duke of Norfolk

1536: constant contact with HVIII in London, told him negotiation best option, nobility pilgrims trusted him, recruited former pilgrims to repress rebellion, persuaded Aske to go to London

PoG: Role of Sir Francis Bigod

Involved in emplementing Cromwell's reforms, mistrusted Norfolk and HVIII, vulnerable as gentry leader and opposed king's supremacy

PoG: Role of Robert Aske

Came up with name PoG clever propaganda, good organisational skills, kept rebellion loyal to HVIII and peaceful, could communicate with commons and nobility, idealism clouded judgement