A and P written bones

Phase one of bone remodeling

Activation

What is attracted to the remodeling site in phase one

The Preosteoclasts

What do the preosteoclasts fuse together and form in phase one

Multinucleated osteoclasts

What is phase two of bone remodeling

Resorption

What do the osteoclasts dig out in phase two?

The resorption pit

What mineral gets in absorbed into the blood in resorption as the pit is being dug?

Calcium

What happens to the osteoclasts after the resorption pit is finished?

They disappear

What is phase three in bone remodeling

Reversal

What kind of cells appear along the pit in phase three?

Stem cells, osteoprogenitor cells

What do the stem cells do after they appear in the pit in phase three?

The multiply and differentiate and become osteoblasts

What is phase four of remodeling called

Formation

What is attracted to the surface of the resorption pit in phase four?

Osteoblasts

What do the osteoblast busy themselves with doing in phase four?

Replacing the removed bone tissue with osteoid

What is step five of remodeling called?

Quiescence or Resting

What becomes completely filled with osteoid in phase 5

The resorption pit

What occurs in phase five that forms hard bone?

The mineralization process

What gets trapped during mineralization in phase five?

Osteoblasts that mature into osteocytes

What do the new osteocytes in the matrix do in phase five?

Maintain the bone tissue

Abduction movement

Moving away from the midline of the body, legs separating

Adduction movement

moving towards the midline of the body, legs moving together

Flexation movement

Decreasing the angle between two body parts, forearm to upper arm

Extension movement

increasing the angle between two body parts, forearm away from upper arm

Rotation movement

In a pivot joint, head rotation

Osteoperosis

A condition in which the bone breaks down mineral content faster than it can rebuild it, causing weakened, softer, fragile bones.

What factors can lead to osteoperosis?

Aging, menopause, low testosterone, poor lifestyle

What is the first step of fracture healing?

Hematoma forms

in the first step of fracture healing, what is torn?

The blood vessels and the periosteum are torn

What forms as blood clots in step one of fracture healing?

hematoma within 6-8 hours

in step one of fracture healing, what begins to die without nutrition?

The bone cells

What is step two of fracture healing?

Soft callus forms

After a few days, what begins to form in step two of fracture healing?

New blood vessels

What begins to produce a bulging cartilage matrix in step two of fracture healing?

Chondroblasts

In step two of healing, what is the developing repair tissue called?

A soft callus, or temporary splint

What is step three of fracture healing called?

Soft callus ossifies into bone callus

After a week, what do osteoblasts do in step three of healing?

They produce osteoid and replace the soft callus with a hard one.

What happens after around two months in step three of healing?

The broken ends are firmly connected

What is step of four of fracture healing?

Bone remodeling

Why does bone remodeling have to occur in step four of healing?

To clean away excess bone callus and clean out the medullary cavity

What happens to osteoclasts during bone remodeling in step four of fracture healing?

They absorb injured and dead bone tissue.

What do osteoBLASTs do in bone remodeling in step four of healing?

They lay down new bone