IAH exam 2

Altered state of consciousness (5 types):

Sleep, Trance, Hypnosis, Meditation,

Drug induced

Often drop in blood pressure, increased pulse rate, increased beta-endorphine

Beta-endorphine

body's pain killer chemical

Trance

-Spirits are culturally specific

-Specialists often officiate

Possession trance

a condition, especially an ASC, indigenously interpreted in terms of an alien spirit

Mevlevi Sufi

Takes place in turkey, branch of Islam (Sufi) founded by Mevlana Celaleddin RUMI

Devr

"Rotation" or whirling dance, "Dervish" (class of islam people) is where Devr comes from

Mevlana Celadeddin Rumi

founder of Mevlevi Sufi branch of islam

Allah

Islam God

Sema

Chanting to a state of ecstasy

Dhikr

Chanting the names of God

-collective chanting

-individual chanting

-breathing as a form of chant

Nay

Flute used in Sufi islam rituals

Naat

hymn in Mevlevi Sufi ceremony

Taksim

improvisation

Peshrev

-Signal to dance

-Dance moves counterclockwise

Folk speech

non-standard, variable aspects of language

-learned and performed face-to-face

-conveys both information and style

"Standard" language

A cultural , (Newscaster Style) is NOT how people speak

Linguistic

vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation

Paralinguistic

tone, volume, speed

Kinesic

facial expressions and gestures

Dialect

Variety of language that differs in:

-vocabulary

-grammar

-pronunciation

(ex: northern vs southern Haitian language)

Register

Ways of speaking in a particular group

Jargon

Specialized terminology

-used to communicate within a group as a shorthand

-used to distinguish group from the outside

Taboo words

Words to express extreme emotion

-Curses

-Excrement

-combination of both

(ex: "Yo mama" jokes)

Glossolalia

speaking in tongues

Ritual language

used in religious contexts

Bilingualism

when person speaks more than one language

Code switching

a form of bilingualism, moving from one language to another in the same conversation

Cultural evolution

-different cultures are at different stages of cultural development

Four Stages of Evolution:

-Primative

-Savage

-Barbarian

-Civilized

Primative

blacks and africans

Savage

Natives

Barbarian

Japanese, Chinese, anyone who isn't christian

Civilized

Christian whites

Pathogenic

Native American music that is said to be "arising from emotions"

Logogenic

European Music that is said to be "arising from reason or logic"

comparative musicology

Cultural stereotypes

powwow

"Healing Ceremony"

part of war dances to protect warriors

Centric circles, clockwise dancing around drum (toe-heel motion)

wigwams used for shelter

Native American intertribal competitions

Longhouse

type of Native American home

Slide

moving from one note to another

Portamento

a slide from one note to another, especially in singing or playing a bowed string instrument

Falsetto

high range of male voice

Diminutives

used in Zuni Lullaby, used in dyadic relationships

Sway songs

Vocables

syllables used, but have no meaning

Monophony

single melody song with one instrument and one singer

tail (Native American song)

native song, a repeat of last phrase, part of grass dance

yebichai

"Grandfathers of the Gods"

9 night ceremony

Part of Nightway Ceremony

starts with prayer and sweating purification

sand paintings made

masked dancers impersonate gods

Ritual purification of sick person

sand paintings

depictions of gods

invitations for gods to participate

nightway ceremony

Masked dancers impersonate gods

Ritual purification of sick person

enemyway ceremony

3 day ceremony

ritual reenactment of a battle

enemy ghost is ritually killed

wigwam

round shaped house

traditional ojibwe dwelling

frybread

Native American bread

traditional dances (men and women)

traditional: regalia worn during powwow

moccasins and shawl expected

Jingles made from curved snuff tins

grass dances

Alternating A and B pattern

from northern plains people, prairie grass used

Pulsation throughout the song

Performed with articulation at the waist

use of tail (repeat of last phrase)

fancy dancers

circular bustles on arms and back

jingle dress dances

jingles made from curved snuff tins