medical term ch. 15 urinary

urinary system

urinary system

Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood.

kidneys

Filter blood from the renal arteries and produce urine as waste

ureters

transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

bladder

urine collects before excreation

urethra

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

meatus

external opening of a canal

cali/o, calic/o

calyx

cyst/o

bladder

glomerul/o

glomerulus

meat/o

meatus

nephr/o

kidney

pyel/o

renal pelvis

ren/o

kidney

trigon/o

trigone

ur/o, urin/o

urine

ureter/o

ureter

uria

urine

vesic/o

bladder

retroperitoneal

posterior to the peritoneum

filtration

Separating a solid from a liquid

urea

waste product or nitrogen metabolism excreted in normal adult urine

creatine

a compound formed in protein metabolism, found in urine (elevated levels muscular dystrophy) (creatinine)

uric acid

nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

cortex

outer portion of kidney

medulla

central portion of kidney

hilum

portion of kidney; blood vessels & nerves enter & exit

nephron

functional unit of the kidney

glomerulus

group of capillaries in a nephron

renin

enzyme that is produced by the kidney; important for blood pressure and volume regulation, raises bp

Bowman's capsule

surrounding glomerulus; collection site of urine

renal pelvis

funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter

calices (calyces)

cup-shaped structures in the renal pelvis for the collection of urine

prostate gland

surrounds the proximal urethra, contracts during ejaculation to aid in forward movement of sperm

Foley catheter

the most common type of indwelling catheter

indwelling catheter

remains inside the body for a prolonged time based on need

condom catheter

for urinary sample collection or incontinence

specific gravity

measurement of concentration of wastes, minerals & solids in urine

casts

materials formed in urine when protein accumulates; may indicate renal disease

acetone

ketone that is found in blood, urine, and breath when diabetes mellitus is out of control

ketone

substance results from breakdown of fat (starvation when present)

albumin

a simple protein found in blood plasma (kidney problems if in urine)

bilirubin

produced in liver (high levels: liver disease or hepatitis)

pheylketones

if in infant urine (pku)

cystoscopy

insertion of tubular instrument

cystoscope

instrument for examining the bladder

kidney, uterus, and bladder (KUB)

x ray of 3 parts (KUB)

retrograde pyelogram

x-ray of the bladder and ureters after a contrast medium is injected into the bladder

voiding custourethrography

x ray made after contrast medium while peeing

renogram

radiographic record of the kidney

dialysis

the filtration of the blood using a machine to partially substitute for kidney function by filtering toxins and removing excess water from the body

hemodialysis

dialysis of the blood to remove toxic substances or metabolic wastes from the bloodstream

peritoneal dialysis

liquid that extracts from blood inserted into peritoneal cavity & later emptied outside body

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

breakdown of kidney stones using sound waves generated outside the body

UTI

urinary tract infection

nephritis

inflammation of the kidney

glomerlunephritis

inflammation of glomeruli in kidneys (bright disease) result in kidney disease

pyelitis

inflammation of the renal pelvis

nephrosis

abnormal condition of the kidney

proteinuria

protein in the urine

edema

The retention of fluid in the tissues, resulting in swelling

hydronephrosis

abnormal condition of water in the kidney

polycystic kidney disease

many cysts in the kidneys

kidney (renal) failure

loss of kidney function

uremia

Excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in blood (azotemia)

end-stage renal disease

last of long term chronic kidney disease

wilms tumor

malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood; nephroblastoma

nephroma

tumor of the kidney

cystitis

inflammation of the bladder

bladder cancer

malignant tumor of the urinary bladder

cystocele

hernia of the urinary bladder

cystolith

stone in the bladder

anuria

absence of urine

dysuria

painful urination

enuresis

bedwetting

nocturia

frequent urination at night

oliguria

scanty urination

polyuria

excessive urination

incontinence

involuntary discharge of urine or feces

albuminuria

indicates the presence of albumin in urine (proteinuria)

hematuria

presence of blood in the urine

ketonuria

ketones in the urine

pyuria

presence of pus in the urine

atresia

narrowing of ureters or urethra, may be present at birth

urology

study of the urinary tract

nephrolysis

removal of adhesions in kidney

nephrostomy

creation of an artificial opening into the kidney

nephrolithotomy

surgical removal of a kidney stone

nephropexy

surgical fixation of a floating kidney

nephrorrhaphy

suture of an injured kidney

pyelotomy

a surgical incision into the renal pelvis

pyeloplasty

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

ureteroplasty

surgical repair of a ureter

ureterorrhaphy

suturing of the ureter

ureterectomy

the surgical removal of a ureter

lithotomy

incision for the removal of stones

cystopexy

the surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall

cystoplasty

surgical repair of the urinary bladder

cystorrphaphy

suturing of damaged bladder

urethroplasty

surgical repair of the urethra

urethropexy

surgical fixation of the urethra